acid, sulfamethoxazole,
telmisartan, tetracycline,
thiamphenicol,
triclocarban, triclosan,
trimethoprim,
vildagliptin, warfarin,
tetrahydrocannabinol,
11-nor-9-carboxy-9tetrahydrocannabinol
Quinolones (cinoxacin,
oxolinic acid, nalidixic
acid and
flumequine) and
fluoroquinolones
(norfloxacin,
enrofloxacin, enoxacin,
ciprofloxacin and
danofloxacin)
1 g
Aqueous solution of
MgNO3 50% (w/v)
containing 4% of
ammonia
30 min
 1
Room
temperature
No clean-up
> 82%
<
12%
0.04–0.08
μg g
À1
HPLC-UV
[78]
Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline,
Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
sulfacetamide,
sulfachloropyridazine,
sulfadimethoxine,
sulfamerazine,
sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole,
sulfathiazole,
sulfamethizole,
sulfamethoxypyridazine,
sulfapyridine and
sulfisoxazole, ofloxacin
2 g
Mixture of potassium phosphate
buffer and acetonitrile (ACN) (1/1, v/v,
pH 3.2) and 0.4 g
Na2EDTA
10 min
 3
Tandem
SAX-HLB
SPE cartridges
56–97%
1–
20%
8.9
μg/kg
LC-MS/
MS
[75]
Clofibric acid, ibuprofen,
naproxen, ketoprofen,
diclofenac, triclosan,
4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nnonylphenol,
bisphenol A, and estrone
5 g
Mix of acetone and
ethyl acetate
15 min
 4
C18 cartridge
63.8–
110.7%
GC-MSD
[79]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
433
telmisartan, tetracycline,
thiamphenicol,
triclocarban, triclosan,
trimethoprim,
vildagliptin, warfarin,
tetrahydrocannabinol,
11-nor-9-carboxy-9tetrahydrocannabinol
Quinolones (cinoxacin,
oxolinic acid, nalidixic
acid and
flumequine) and
fluoroquinolones
(norfloxacin,
enrofloxacin, enoxacin,
ciprofloxacin and
danofloxacin)
1 g
Aqueous solution of
MgNO3 50% (w/v)
containing 4% of
ammonia
30 min
 1
Room
temperature
No clean-up
> 82%
<
12%
0.04–0.08
μg g
À1
HPLC-UV
[78]
Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline,
Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
sulfacetamide,
sulfachloropyridazine,
sulfadimethoxine,
sulfamerazine,
sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole,
sulfathiazole,
sulfamethizole,
sulfamethoxypyridazine,
sulfapyridine and
sulfisoxazole, ofloxacin
2 g
Mixture of potassium phosphate
buffer and acetonitrile (ACN) (1/1, v/v,
pH 3.2) and 0.4 g
Na2EDTA
10 min
 3
Tandem
SAX-HLB
SPE cartridges
56–97%
1–
20%
8.9
μg/kg
LC-MS/
MS
[75]
Clofibric acid, ibuprofen,
naproxen, ketoprofen,
diclofenac, triclosan,
4-tert-octylphenol, 4-nnonylphenol,
bisphenol A, and estrone
5 g
Mix of acetone and
ethyl acetate
15 min
 4
C18 cartridge
63.8–
110.7%
GC-MSD
[79]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
433