Table 3
USE extraction and analysis conditions in soil
Pharmaceuticals
USE extraction conditions
Clean-up
Analysis
References
Soil mass (g)
Solvent
Time
(min)
 number
of cycles
Temp. (
C)
Recovery
(%)
RSD
(%)
LOD
Instrument
Tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline,
trimethoprim,
sulfadimidine, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine,
sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin,
enrofloxacin
3 g (for tetracyclines, sulfonamides,
and trimethoprim)
1 g (for ciprofloxacin and
enrofloxacin)
MeOH:EDTAMcIlvaine buffer
pH
¼ 6 (90:10)
20 min
 3
SPE-C18 cartridge (for tetracyclines,
sulfonamides,
and trimethoprim)
n-Hexane (for
ciprofloxacin
and
enrofloxacin)
61–105%
LC-MS/
MS
[76]
4-Epioxytetracycline,
4-epitetracycline,
acetylcysteine, allopurinol, alprazolam, atorvastatin, azithromycin,
bezafibrate, bisphenol A,
butylparaben, carbamazepine, chloramphenicol,
clofibric acid, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin,
codeine, diazepam,
diclofenac, ethylparaben,
etoricoxib, fenofibrate,
flufenamic acid, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, indomethacin, metformin,
methylparaben, metoprolol, naproxen,
norfloxacin, ofloxacin,
oxytetracycline, paracetamol, propranolol,
propylparaben, salicylic
1 g
Mix of methanol,
distilled water, and
of McIlvaine-EDTA
buffer
30 min
 1
Strata-X 33 U
polymeric
reversed phase
SPE cartridges
38–104%
<30%
UHPLCMS/MS
[77]
432
R. Manasfi et al.