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60. Hapeshi E, Gros M, Lopez-Serna R, Boleda MR, Ventura F, Petrovic M, Barceló D, FattaKassinos D (2015) Licit and illicit drugs in urban wastewater in Cyprus. CLEAN Soil Air
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61. Paíga P, Santos LH, Ramos S, Jorge S, Silva JG, Delerue-Matos C (2016) Presence of
pharmaceuticals in the Lis river (Portugal): sources, fate and seasonal variation. Sci Total
Environ 573:164–177
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MCB (2013) Contribution of hospital effluents to the load of pharmaceuticals in urban
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461:302–316
63. Montemurro N, García-Vara M, Peña-Herrera JM, Lladó J, Barceló D, Pérez S (2018)
Conventional and advanced processes for the removal of pharmaceuticals and their human
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agro-ecosystems and human health. Environ Sci Process Impacts 21(4):605–622
67. Chuang Y-H, Liu C-H, Sallach JB, Hammerschmidt R, Zhang W, Boyd SA, Li H (2019)
Mechanistic study on uptake and transport of pharmaceuticals in lettuce from water. Environ
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personal care product ingredients. Environ Sci Technol 50(2):525–541
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plants – a case study related to irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. Chemosphere 82
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Technol 48(19):11286–11293
71. Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D (2017) Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: concentration of pharmaceuticals in
soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. Water
Res 109:24–34
72. Colon B, Toor G (2016) A review of uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal
care products by food crops irrigated with treated wastewater. In: Advances in agronomy, vol
140. Elsevier, New York, pp 75–100
73. Madikizela LM, Ncube S, Chimuka L (2018) Uptake of pharmaceuticals by plants grown
under hydroponic conditions and natural occurring plant species: a review. Sci Total Environ
636:477–486
74. Fu Q, Malchi T, Carter LJ, Li H, Gan J, Chefetz B (2019) Pharmaceutical and personal care
products: from wastewater treatment into agro-food systems. ACS Publications, Washington
75. Wolf AE, Dietz K-J, Schröder P (1996) Degradation of glutathione S-conjugates by a
carboxypeptidase in the plant vacuole. FEBS Lett 384(1):31–34
The Journey of Human Drugs from Their Design at the Bench to Their Fate in Crops
29
doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.084
59. Gurke R, Rossmann J, Schubert S, Sandmann T, Rößler M, Oertel R, Fauler J (2015)
Development of a SPE-HPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of most prescribed
pharmaceuticals and related metabolites in urban sewage samples. J Chromatogr B 990:23–30
60. Hapeshi E, Gros M, Lopez-Serna R, Boleda MR, Ventura F, Petrovic M, Barceló D, FattaKassinos D (2015) Licit and illicit drugs in urban wastewater in Cyprus. CLEAN Soil Air
Water 43(9):1272–1278
61. Paíga P, Santos LH, Ramos S, Jorge S, Silva JG, Delerue-Matos C (2016) Presence of
pharmaceuticals in the Lis river (Portugal): sources, fate and seasonal variation. Sci Total
Environ 573:164–177
62. Santos LH, Gros M, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Delerue-Matos C, Pena A, Barceló D, Montenegro
MCB (2013) Contribution of hospital effluents to the load of pharmaceuticals in urban
wastewaters: identification of ecologically relevant pharmaceuticals. Sci Total Environ
461:302–316
63. Montemurro N, García-Vara M, Peña-Herrera JM, Lladó J, Barceló D, Pérez S (2018)
Conventional and advanced processes for the removal of pharmaceuticals and their human
metabolites from wastewater. In: Integrated and sustainable environmental remediation. ACS
symposium series, vol 1302. American Chemical Society, Washington, pp 15–67. https://doi.
org/10.1021/bk-2018-1302.ch002
64. Angelakis AN, Snyder SA (2015) Wastewater treatment and reuse: past, present, and future.
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, Basel
65. Commission E (2018) Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the
Council on minimum requirements for water reuse (COM(2018) 337 final 2018/0169 (COD))
66. Carter LJ, Chefetz B, Abdeen Z, Boxall AB (2019) Emerging investigator series: towards a
framework for establishing the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems on
agro-ecosystems and human health. Environ Sci Process Impacts 21(4):605–622
67. Chuang Y-H, Liu C-H, Sallach JB, Hammerschmidt R, Zhang W, Boyd SA, Li H (2019)
Mechanistic study on uptake and transport of pharmaceuticals in lettuce from water. Environ
Int 131:104976
68. Miller EL, Nason SL, Karthikeyan K, Pedersen JA (2016) Root uptake of pharmaceuticals and
personal care product ingredients. Environ Sci Technol 50(2):525–541
69. Shenker M, Harush D, Ben-Ari J, Chefetz B (2011) Uptake of carbamazepine by cucumber
plants – a case study related to irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. Chemosphere 82
(6):905–910
70. Wu X, Conkle JL, Ernst F, Gan J (2014) Treated wastewater irrigation: uptake of pharmaceutical and personal care products by common vegetables under field conditions. Environ Sci
Technol 48(19):11286–11293
71. Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D (2017) Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: concentration of pharmaceuticals in
soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. Water
Res 109:24–34
72. Colon B, Toor G (2016) A review of uptake and translocation of pharmaceuticals and personal
care products by food crops irrigated with treated wastewater. In: Advances in agronomy, vol
140. Elsevier, New York, pp 75–100
73. Madikizela LM, Ncube S, Chimuka L (2018) Uptake of pharmaceuticals by plants grown
under hydroponic conditions and natural occurring plant species: a review. Sci Total Environ
636:477–486
74. Fu Q, Malchi T, Carter LJ, Li H, Gan J, Chefetz B (2019) Pharmaceutical and personal care
products: from wastewater treatment into agro-food systems. ACS Publications, Washington
75. Wolf AE, Dietz K-J, Schröder P (1996) Degradation of glutathione S-conjugates by a
carboxypeptidase in the plant vacuole. FEBS Lett 384(1):31–34
The Journey of Human Drugs from Their Design at the Bench to Their Fate in Crops
29