172. Rocha LS, Pereira D, Sousa É, Otero M, Esteves VI, Calisto V (2020) Recent advances on the
development and application of magnetic activated carbon and char for the removal of
pharmaceutical compounds from waters: a review. Sci Total Environ 718:137272
173. Palansooriya KN, Yang Y, Tsang YF, Sarkar B, Hou D, Cao X, Meers E, Rinklebe J, Kim
K-H, Ok YS (2020) Occurrence of contaminants in drinking water sources and the potential of
biochar for water quality improvement: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 50:549–611
174. Weber K, Quicker P (2018) Properties of biochar. Fuel 217:240–261
175. Sizmur T, Fresno T, Akgül G, Frost H, Moreno-Jiménez E (2017) Biochar modification to
enhance sorption of inorganics from water. Bioresour Technol 246:34–47
176. Wu L, Bi E (2019) Sorption of ionic and neutral species of pharmaceuticals to loessial soil
amended with biochars. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:35871–35881
177. Yao Y, Gao B, Chen H, Jiang L, Inyang M, Zimmerman AR, Cao X, Yang L, Xue Y, Li H
(2012) Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole on biochar and its impact on reclaimed water irrigation. J Hazard Mater 209-210:408–413
178. Oh S-Y, Seo Y-D (2016) Sorption of halogenated phenols and pharmaceuticals to biochar:
affecting factors and mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:951–961
179. Vithanage M, Rajapaksha AU, Zhang M, Thiele-Bruhn S, Lee SS, Ok YS (2015) Acidactivated biochar increased sulfamethazine retention in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
22:2175–2186
180. Graber ER, Tsechansky L, Gerstl Z, Lew B (2012) High surface area biochar negatively
impacts herbicide efficacy. Plant Soil 353:95–106
181. Graber ER, Kookana RS (2015) Biochar and retention/efficacy of pesticides. In: Lehmann J,
Joseph S (eds) Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation, 2nd edn. Earthscan, London
182. Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Lim JE, Ahmed MB, Zhang M, Lee SS, Ok YS (2014) Invasive
plant-derived biochar inhibits sulfamethazine uptake by lettuce in soil. Chemosphere
111:500–504
183. Williams M, Martin S, Kookana RS (2015) Sorption and plant uptake of pharmaceuticals from
an artificially contaminated soil amended with biochars. Plant and Soil 395:75–86
184. Paz-Ferreiro J, Liang C, Fu S, Mendez A, Gasco G (2015) The effect of biochar and its
interaction with the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on soil microbial community structure in tropical soils. PLoS One 10:e0124891
185. Paz-Ferreiro J, Fu S, Méndez A, Gascó G (2014) Interactive effects of biochar and the
earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on plant productivity and soil enzyme activities. J Soil
Sediment 14:483–494
186. Garbuz S, Camps-Arbestain M, Mackay A, DeVantier B, Minor M (2020) The interactions
between biochar and earthworms, and their influence on soil properties and clover growth: a
6-month mesocosm experiment. App Soil Ecol 147:103402
187. Sanchez-Hernandez JC (2018) Biochar activation with exoenzymes induced by earthworms: a
novel functional strategy for soil quality promotion. J Hazard Mater 350:136–143
188. Jégou D, Capowiez Y, Cluzeau D (2001) Interactions between earthworm species in artificial
soil cores assessed through the 3D reconstruction of the burrow systems. Geoderma
102:123–137
189. Hendrix PF, Callaham MA, Drake JM, Huang C-Y, James SW, Snyder BA, Zhang W (2008)
Pandora’s box contained bait: the global problem of introduced earthworms. Annu Rev Ecol
Evol Syst 39:593–613
190. Prodana M, Silva C, Gravato C, Verheijen FGA, Keizer JJ, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S, Bastos
AC (2019) Influence of biochar particle size on biota responses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
174:120–128
191. Huang C, Wang W, Yue S, Adeel M, Qiao Y (2020) Role of biochar and Eisenia fetida on
metal bioavailability and biochar effects on earthworm fitness. Environ Pollut 263:114586
374
J. C. Sanchez-Hernandez
development and application of magnetic activated carbon and char for the removal of
pharmaceutical compounds from waters: a review. Sci Total Environ 718:137272
173. Palansooriya KN, Yang Y, Tsang YF, Sarkar B, Hou D, Cao X, Meers E, Rinklebe J, Kim
K-H, Ok YS (2020) Occurrence of contaminants in drinking water sources and the potential of
biochar for water quality improvement: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 50:549–611
174. Weber K, Quicker P (2018) Properties of biochar. Fuel 217:240–261
175. Sizmur T, Fresno T, Akgül G, Frost H, Moreno-Jiménez E (2017) Biochar modification to
enhance sorption of inorganics from water. Bioresour Technol 246:34–47
176. Wu L, Bi E (2019) Sorption of ionic and neutral species of pharmaceuticals to loessial soil
amended with biochars. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:35871–35881
177. Yao Y, Gao B, Chen H, Jiang L, Inyang M, Zimmerman AR, Cao X, Yang L, Xue Y, Li H
(2012) Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole on biochar and its impact on reclaimed water irrigation. J Hazard Mater 209-210:408–413
178. Oh S-Y, Seo Y-D (2016) Sorption of halogenated phenols and pharmaceuticals to biochar:
affecting factors and mechanisms. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:951–961
179. Vithanage M, Rajapaksha AU, Zhang M, Thiele-Bruhn S, Lee SS, Ok YS (2015) Acidactivated biochar increased sulfamethazine retention in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
22:2175–2186
180. Graber ER, Tsechansky L, Gerstl Z, Lew B (2012) High surface area biochar negatively
impacts herbicide efficacy. Plant Soil 353:95–106
181. Graber ER, Kookana RS (2015) Biochar and retention/efficacy of pesticides. In: Lehmann J,
Joseph S (eds) Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation, 2nd edn. Earthscan, London
182. Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Lim JE, Ahmed MB, Zhang M, Lee SS, Ok YS (2014) Invasive
plant-derived biochar inhibits sulfamethazine uptake by lettuce in soil. Chemosphere
111:500–504
183. Williams M, Martin S, Kookana RS (2015) Sorption and plant uptake of pharmaceuticals from
an artificially contaminated soil amended with biochars. Plant and Soil 395:75–86
184. Paz-Ferreiro J, Liang C, Fu S, Mendez A, Gasco G (2015) The effect of biochar and its
interaction with the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on soil microbial community structure in tropical soils. PLoS One 10:e0124891
185. Paz-Ferreiro J, Fu S, Méndez A, Gascó G (2014) Interactive effects of biochar and the
earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus on plant productivity and soil enzyme activities. J Soil
Sediment 14:483–494
186. Garbuz S, Camps-Arbestain M, Mackay A, DeVantier B, Minor M (2020) The interactions
between biochar and earthworms, and their influence on soil properties and clover growth: a
6-month mesocosm experiment. App Soil Ecol 147:103402
187. Sanchez-Hernandez JC (2018) Biochar activation with exoenzymes induced by earthworms: a
novel functional strategy for soil quality promotion. J Hazard Mater 350:136–143
188. Jégou D, Capowiez Y, Cluzeau D (2001) Interactions between earthworm species in artificial
soil cores assessed through the 3D reconstruction of the burrow systems. Geoderma
102:123–137
189. Hendrix PF, Callaham MA, Drake JM, Huang C-Y, James SW, Snyder BA, Zhang W (2008)
Pandora’s box contained bait: the global problem of introduced earthworms. Annu Rev Ecol
Evol Syst 39:593–613
190. Prodana M, Silva C, Gravato C, Verheijen FGA, Keizer JJ, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S, Bastos
AC (2019) Influence of biochar particle size on biota responses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
174:120–128
191. Huang C, Wang W, Yue S, Adeel M, Qiao Y (2020) Role of biochar and Eisenia fetida on
metal bioavailability and biochar effects on earthworm fitness. Environ Pollut 263:114586
374
J. C. Sanchez-Hernandez