114. Ezzariai A, Hafidi M, Khadra A, Aemig Q, El Fels L, Barret M, Merlina G, Patureau D, Pinelli
E (2018) Human and veterinary antibiotics during composting of sludge or manure: global
perspectives on persistence, degradation, and resistance genes. J Hazard Mater 359:465–481
115. Hatzinger PB, Alexander M (1995) Effect of aging of chemicals in soil on their biodegradability and extractability. Environ Sci Technol 29:537–545
116. Cai L, Gong X, Sun X, Li S, Yu X (2018) Comparison of chemical and microbiological
changes during the aerobic composting and vermicomposting of green waste. PLoS One 13:
e0207494
117. Lazcano C, Gómez-Brandón M, Domínguez J (2008) Comparison of the effectiveness of
composting and vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of cattle manure.
Chemosphere 72:1013–1019
118. Lim SL, Wu TY, Lim PN, Shak KPY (2015) The use of vermicompost in organic farming:
overview, effects on soil and economics. J Sci Food Agric 95:1143–1156
119. Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Domínguez J (2019) Dual role of vermicomposting in relation to
environmental pollution. In: Sanchez-Hernandez JC (ed) Bioremediation of agricultural soils.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 217–236
120. Aira M, Bybee S, Pérez-Losada M, Domínguez J (2015) Feeding on microbiomes: effects of
detritivory on the taxonomic and phylogenetic bacterial composition of animal manures.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol 91:fiv117
121. Gómez-Brandón M, Aira M, Lores M, Domínguez J (2011) Changes in microbial community
structure and function during vermicomposting of pig slurry. Bioresour Technol
102:4171–4178
122. Aira M, Monroy F, Domínguez J (2007) Earthworms strongly modify microbial biomass and
activity triggering enzymatic activities during vermicomposting independently of the application rates of pig slurry. Sci Total Environ 385:252–261
123. Hait S, Tare V (2011) Vermistabilization of primary sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol
102:2812–2820
124. Lv B, Xing M, Yang J (2018) Exploring the effects of earthworms on bacterial profiles during
vermicomposting process of sewage sludge and cattle dung with high-throughput sequencing.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 25:12528–12537
125. Castillo JM, Romero E, Nogales R (2013) Dynamics of microbial communities related to
biochemical parameters during vermicomposting and maturation of agroindustrial lignocellulose wastes. Bioresour Technol 146:345–354
126. Ghosh S, Goswami AJ, Ghosh GK, Pramanik P (2018) Quantifying the relative role of phytase
and phosphatase enzymes in phosphorus mineralization during vermicomposting of fibrous tea
factory waste. Ecol Eng 116:97–103
127. Xia H, Chen J, Chen X, Huang K, Wu Y (2019) Effects of tetracycline residuals on
humification, microbial profile and antibiotic resistance genes during vermicomposting of
dewatered sludge. Environ Pollut 252:1068–1077
128. Ravindran B, Mnkeni PNS (2017) Identification and fate of antibiotic residue degradation
during composting and vermicomposting of chicken manure. Int J Environ Sci Technol
14:263–270
129. Hickman ZA, Reid BJ (2008) Earthworm assisted bioremediation of organic contaminants.
Environ Int 34:1072–1081
130. Sanchez-Hernandez JC (2019) Bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils by using earthworms. In: Sanchez-Hernandez JC (ed) Bioremediation of agricultural soils. CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 165–192
131. Morillo E, Villaverde J (2017) Advanced technologies for the remediation of pesticidecontaminated soils. Sci Total Environ 586:576–597
132. Guedes P, Lopes V, Couto N, Mateus EP, Pereira CS, Ribeiro AB (2019) Electrokinetic
remediation of contaminants of emergent concern in clay soil: effect of operating parameters.
Environ Pollut 253:625–635
Vermiremediation of Pharmaceutical-Contaminated Soils and Organic Amendments
371
E (2018) Human and veterinary antibiotics during composting of sludge or manure: global
perspectives on persistence, degradation, and resistance genes. J Hazard Mater 359:465–481
115. Hatzinger PB, Alexander M (1995) Effect of aging of chemicals in soil on their biodegradability and extractability. Environ Sci Technol 29:537–545
116. Cai L, Gong X, Sun X, Li S, Yu X (2018) Comparison of chemical and microbiological
changes during the aerobic composting and vermicomposting of green waste. PLoS One 13:
e0207494
117. Lazcano C, Gómez-Brandón M, Domínguez J (2008) Comparison of the effectiveness of
composting and vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of cattle manure.
Chemosphere 72:1013–1019
118. Lim SL, Wu TY, Lim PN, Shak KPY (2015) The use of vermicompost in organic farming:
overview, effects on soil and economics. J Sci Food Agric 95:1143–1156
119. Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Domínguez J (2019) Dual role of vermicomposting in relation to
environmental pollution. In: Sanchez-Hernandez JC (ed) Bioremediation of agricultural soils.
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 217–236
120. Aira M, Bybee S, Pérez-Losada M, Domínguez J (2015) Feeding on microbiomes: effects of
detritivory on the taxonomic and phylogenetic bacterial composition of animal manures.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol 91:fiv117
121. Gómez-Brandón M, Aira M, Lores M, Domínguez J (2011) Changes in microbial community
structure and function during vermicomposting of pig slurry. Bioresour Technol
102:4171–4178
122. Aira M, Monroy F, Domínguez J (2007) Earthworms strongly modify microbial biomass and
activity triggering enzymatic activities during vermicomposting independently of the application rates of pig slurry. Sci Total Environ 385:252–261
123. Hait S, Tare V (2011) Vermistabilization of primary sewage sludge. Bioresour Technol
102:2812–2820
124. Lv B, Xing M, Yang J (2018) Exploring the effects of earthworms on bacterial profiles during
vermicomposting process of sewage sludge and cattle dung with high-throughput sequencing.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 25:12528–12537
125. Castillo JM, Romero E, Nogales R (2013) Dynamics of microbial communities related to
biochemical parameters during vermicomposting and maturation of agroindustrial lignocellulose wastes. Bioresour Technol 146:345–354
126. Ghosh S, Goswami AJ, Ghosh GK, Pramanik P (2018) Quantifying the relative role of phytase
and phosphatase enzymes in phosphorus mineralization during vermicomposting of fibrous tea
factory waste. Ecol Eng 116:97–103
127. Xia H, Chen J, Chen X, Huang K, Wu Y (2019) Effects of tetracycline residuals on
humification, microbial profile and antibiotic resistance genes during vermicomposting of
dewatered sludge. Environ Pollut 252:1068–1077
128. Ravindran B, Mnkeni PNS (2017) Identification and fate of antibiotic residue degradation
during composting and vermicomposting of chicken manure. Int J Environ Sci Technol
14:263–270
129. Hickman ZA, Reid BJ (2008) Earthworm assisted bioremediation of organic contaminants.
Environ Int 34:1072–1081
130. Sanchez-Hernandez JC (2019) Bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils by using earthworms. In: Sanchez-Hernandez JC (ed) Bioremediation of agricultural soils. CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 165–192
131. Morillo E, Villaverde J (2017) Advanced technologies for the remediation of pesticidecontaminated soils. Sci Total Environ 586:576–597
132. Guedes P, Lopes V, Couto N, Mateus EP, Pereira CS, Ribeiro AB (2019) Electrokinetic
remediation of contaminants of emergent concern in clay soil: effect of operating parameters.
Environ Pollut 253:625–635
Vermiremediation of Pharmaceutical-Contaminated Soils and Organic Amendments
371