37. Liu T, Chen X, Gong X, Lubbers IM, Jiang Y, Feng W, Li X, Whalen JK, Bonkowski M,
Griffiths BS, Hu F, Liu M (2019) Earthworms coordinate soil biota to improve multiple
ecosystem functions. Curr Biol 29:3420–3429.e5
38. Capowiez Y, Sammartino S, Michel E (2014) Burrow systems of endogeic earthworms:
effects of earthworm abundance and consequences for soil water infiltration. Pedobiologia
57:303–309
39. Jouquet P, Dauber J, Lagerlöf J, Lavelle P, Lepage M (2006) Soil invertebrates as ecosystem
engineers: intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops. Appl Soil Ecol
32:153–164
40. Meysman FJR, Middelburg JJ, Heip CHR (2006) Bioturbation: a fresh look at Darwin’s last
idea. Trends Ecol Evol 21:688–695
41. Medina-Sauza RM, Álvarez-Jiménez M, Delhal A, Reverchon F, Blouin M, Guerrero-Analco
JA, Cerdán CR, Guevara R, Villain L, Barois I (2019) Earthworms building up soil microbiota,
a review. Front Environ Sci 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00081
42. Yang P, van Elsas JD (2018) Mechanisms and ecological implications of the movement of
bacteria in soil. App Soil Ecol 129:112–120
43. Scheu S (2003) Effects of earthworms on plant growth: patterns and perspectives.
Pedobiologia 47:846–856
44. van Groenigen JW, Lubbers IM, Vos HM, Brown GG, De Deyn GB, van Groenigen KJ (2014)
Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 4:6365
45. Oldenburg E, Kramer S, Schrader S, Weinert J (2008) Impact of the earthworm Lumbricus
terrestris on the degradation of Fusarium-infected and deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat
straw. Soil Biol Biochem 40:3049–3053
46. Wolfarth F, Schrader S, Oldenburg E, Weinert J (2011) Contribution of the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa to the degradation of deoxynivalenol and Fusarium
biomass in wheat straw. Mycotoxin Res 27:215–220
47. Rodriguez-Campos J, Dendooven L, Alvarez-Bernal D, Contreras-Ramos SM (2014) Potential of earthworms to accelerate removal of organic contaminants from soil: a review. Appl Soil
Ecol 79:10–25
48. Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Notario Del Pino J, Capowiez Y, Mazzia C, Rault M (2018) Soil
enzyme dynamics in chlorpyrifos-treated soils under the influence of earthworms. Sci Total
Environ 612:1407–1416
49. Brown GG, Barois I, Lavelle P (2000) Regulation of soil organic matter dynamics and
microbial activity in the drilosphere and the role of interactions with other edaphic functional
domains. Eur J Soil Biol 36:177–198
50. Orgiazzi A, Bardgett RD, Barrios E, Behan-Pelletier V, Briones MJI, Chotte J-L, De Deyn
GB, Eggleton P, Fierer N, Fraser T, Hedlund K, Jeffery S, Johnson NC, Jones A, Kandeler E,
Kaneko N, Lavelle P, Lemanceau P, Miko L, Montanarella L, Moreira FMS, Ramirez KS,
Scheu S, Singh BK, Six J, van der Putten WH, Wall DH (2016) Global soil biodiversity atlas.
European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
51. Fierer N (2019) Earthworms’ place on earth. Science 366:425–426
52. Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Sherman RL (2011) Vermiculture technology: earthworms,
organic wastes, and environmental management. CRC Press, Boca Raton
53. Brown GG (1995) How do earthworms affect microfloral and faunal community diversity.
Plant and Soil 170:209–231
54. Stroud JL, Irons DE, Carter JE, Watts CW, Murray PJ, Norris SL, Whitmore AP (2016)
Lumbricus terrestris middens are biological and chemical hotspots in a minimum tillage arable
ecosystem. Appl Soil Ecol 105:31–35
55. Nuutinen V, Butt KR, Hyväluoma J, Ketoja E, Mikola J (2017) Soil faunal and structural
responses to the settlement of a semi-sedentary earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in an arable
clay field. Soil Biol Biochem 115:285–296
Vermiremediation of Pharmaceutical-Contaminated Soils and Organic Amendments
367
Griffiths BS, Hu F, Liu M (2019) Earthworms coordinate soil biota to improve multiple
ecosystem functions. Curr Biol 29:3420–3429.e5
38. Capowiez Y, Sammartino S, Michel E (2014) Burrow systems of endogeic earthworms:
effects of earthworm abundance and consequences for soil water infiltration. Pedobiologia
57:303–309
39. Jouquet P, Dauber J, Lagerlöf J, Lavelle P, Lepage M (2006) Soil invertebrates as ecosystem
engineers: intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops. Appl Soil Ecol
32:153–164
40. Meysman FJR, Middelburg JJ, Heip CHR (2006) Bioturbation: a fresh look at Darwin’s last
idea. Trends Ecol Evol 21:688–695
41. Medina-Sauza RM, Álvarez-Jiménez M, Delhal A, Reverchon F, Blouin M, Guerrero-Analco
JA, Cerdán CR, Guevara R, Villain L, Barois I (2019) Earthworms building up soil microbiota,
a review. Front Environ Sci 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00081
42. Yang P, van Elsas JD (2018) Mechanisms and ecological implications of the movement of
bacteria in soil. App Soil Ecol 129:112–120
43. Scheu S (2003) Effects of earthworms on plant growth: patterns and perspectives.
Pedobiologia 47:846–856
44. van Groenigen JW, Lubbers IM, Vos HM, Brown GG, De Deyn GB, van Groenigen KJ (2014)
Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 4:6365
45. Oldenburg E, Kramer S, Schrader S, Weinert J (2008) Impact of the earthworm Lumbricus
terrestris on the degradation of Fusarium-infected and deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat
straw. Soil Biol Biochem 40:3049–3053
46. Wolfarth F, Schrader S, Oldenburg E, Weinert J (2011) Contribution of the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa to the degradation of deoxynivalenol and Fusarium
biomass in wheat straw. Mycotoxin Res 27:215–220
47. Rodriguez-Campos J, Dendooven L, Alvarez-Bernal D, Contreras-Ramos SM (2014) Potential of earthworms to accelerate removal of organic contaminants from soil: a review. Appl Soil
Ecol 79:10–25
48. Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Notario Del Pino J, Capowiez Y, Mazzia C, Rault M (2018) Soil
enzyme dynamics in chlorpyrifos-treated soils under the influence of earthworms. Sci Total
Environ 612:1407–1416
49. Brown GG, Barois I, Lavelle P (2000) Regulation of soil organic matter dynamics and
microbial activity in the drilosphere and the role of interactions with other edaphic functional
domains. Eur J Soil Biol 36:177–198
50. Orgiazzi A, Bardgett RD, Barrios E, Behan-Pelletier V, Briones MJI, Chotte J-L, De Deyn
GB, Eggleton P, Fierer N, Fraser T, Hedlund K, Jeffery S, Johnson NC, Jones A, Kandeler E,
Kaneko N, Lavelle P, Lemanceau P, Miko L, Montanarella L, Moreira FMS, Ramirez KS,
Scheu S, Singh BK, Six J, van der Putten WH, Wall DH (2016) Global soil biodiversity atlas.
European Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
51. Fierer N (2019) Earthworms’ place on earth. Science 366:425–426
52. Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Sherman RL (2011) Vermiculture technology: earthworms,
organic wastes, and environmental management. CRC Press, Boca Raton
53. Brown GG (1995) How do earthworms affect microfloral and faunal community diversity.
Plant and Soil 170:209–231
54. Stroud JL, Irons DE, Carter JE, Watts CW, Murray PJ, Norris SL, Whitmore AP (2016)
Lumbricus terrestris middens are biological and chemical hotspots in a minimum tillage arable
ecosystem. Appl Soil Ecol 105:31–35
55. Nuutinen V, Butt KR, Hyväluoma J, Ketoja E, Mikola J (2017) Soil faunal and structural
responses to the settlement of a semi-sedentary earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in an arable
clay field. Soil Biol Biochem 115:285–296
Vermiremediation of Pharmaceutical-Contaminated Soils and Organic Amendments
367