Table 1 (continued)
Zinc oxide
nanoparticles
(ZnO-NP)
E. fetida (Ep) 10, 50, 250 mg kg
À1
after 7, 14, 21 and
28 days (in vivo)
In vivo ROS formation, LPO levels and
SOD activity and
in vitro ROS formation and LDH in
coelomocytes
[47]
ZnO-NP and chlorpyrifos (pesticide)
independently and
as co-exposure
E. andrei
(Ep)
ZnO-NP (up to
1,000 mg kg
À1
), CPF
(0–320 mg kg
À1
) and
ZnO-NP/CPF at 3 different ratios for
28 days
CAT, GST and AChE
activities and LPO
levels
[48]
Several copper
oxide (CuO)engineered
nanomaterial
variants
E. fetida (Ep) 200 and
1,000 mg kg
À1
d.w. soil spiked with
Cu-NP coatings for
14 days
GSH content, SOD
and Na+/K+-ATPase
activities and
histology
[49]
Nickel oxide
nanoparticles
(NiO-NP)
E. fetida (Ep) 5, 50, 200, 500 and
1,000 mg kg
À1 soil
after 28-day exposure
Activity of SOD,
POD, CAT and LPO
(MDA) levels, DNA
damage (as 8-OHdg)
and histology
examination
[50]
Plastics, plasticisers and e-waste
Polyester-derived
microfibres
L. terrestris
(A)
0.1 and 1.0%w/w MF
for 35 days in soil
Gene expression
related to metal, oxidative stress Mt-2/
hsp70/Sod-1. Behaviour (avoidance test
and cast production)
[51]
Di-n-Butyl
phthalates (DBP)
E. fetida (Ep) At 5, 10, 50 and
100 mg kg
À1 in soil.
Samplings: 7, 14,
21 and 28 days
SOD, CAT, GST and
peroxidase (POD)
activities, GSH and
LPO content
[53, 54]
Di-(2-Ethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP)
E. fetida (Ep) Spiked natural soil at
1, 3, 9 and
27 mg kg
À1
. Samplings: 7, 14, 21 and
28 days
SOD, LPO, MT,
HSP70, genotoxicity
(comet), POD, LMS
(NRR), mitochondrial
membrane potential
differential in
coelomocytes
[55]
Polyethylene pellets
(size 250 and
1,000 μm)
E. andrei
(Ep)
62.5, 125, 250,
500 and
1,000 mg kg
À1
d.w. in artificial soil
for 28 days
Histology and
immune-related damage assessment
[56]
Low-density polyethylene
microplastics
(MP) (size 250 and
1,000 μm)
E. fetida (Ep) 62, 125, 250, 500 and
1,000 mg MPs kg
À1
d.w. in artificial soil.
During 28 days
CAT, GST, LDH and
LPO
[57]
(continued)
320
M. Solé