346. Liu B, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Gao M (2014) Combined effects of chlortetracycline and
dissolved organic matter extracted from pig manure on the functional diversity of soil
microbial community. Soil Biol Biochem 74:148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.
2014.03.005
347. Ricken B, Fellmann O, Kohler HPE, Schäffer A, Corvini PFX, Kolvenbach BA (2015)
Degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics by Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 – elucidating the
downstream pathway. N Biotechnol 32:710–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2015.03.005
348. Tappe W, Herbst M, Hofmann D, Koeppchen S, Kummer S, Thiele B, Groeneweg J (2013)
Degradation of sulfadiazine by Microbacterium lacus strain SDZm4, isolated from lysimeters
previously manured with slurry from sulfadiazine-medicated pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol
79:2572–2577. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03636-12
349. Zhang WW, Wen YY, Niu ZL, Yin K, Xu DX, Chen LX (2012) Isolation and characterization
of sulfonamide-degrading bacteria Escherichia sp. HS21 and Acinetobacter sp. HS51. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 28:447–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0834-z
350. Leng Y, Bao J, Chang G, Zheng H, Li X, Du J, Snow D, Li X (2016) Biotransformation of
tetracycline by a novel bacterial strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DT1. J Hazard Mater
318:125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.053
351. Mulla SI, Hu A, Sun Q, Li J, Suanon F, Ashfaq M, Yu CP (2018) Biodegradation of
sulfamethoxazole in bacteria from three different origins. J Environ Manage 206:93–102.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.029
352. Zhang W, Qiu L, Gong A, Yuan X (2017) Isolation and characterization of a high-efficiency
erythromycin A-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. strain. Mar Pollut Bull 114:896–902. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.076
353. Deng Y, Li B, Zhang T (2018) Bacteria that make a meal of sulfonamide antibiotics: blind
spots and emerging opportunities. Environ Sci Technol 52:3854–3868. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.7b06026
354. Hirth N, Topp E, Dörfler U, Stupperich E, Munch JC, Schroll R (2016) An effective
bioremediation approach for enhanced microbial degradation of the veterinary antibiotic
sulfamethazine in an agricultural soil. Chem Biol Technol Agric 3:29. https://doi.org/10.
1186/s40538-016-0080-6
355. Maillard J-Y (2002) Bacterial target sites for biocide action. J Appl Microbiol 92(Suppl):16S–
27S
356. Kim SA, Moon H, Lee K, Rhee MS (2015) Bactericidal effects of triclosan in soap both
in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 70:3345–3352. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/
dkv275
357. Halden RU, Lindeman AE, Aiello AE, Andrews D, Arnold WA, Fair P, Fuoco RE, Geer LA,
Johnson PI, Lohmann R, McNeill K, Sacks VP, Schettler T, Weber R, Zoeller RT, Blum A
(2017) The Florence statement on triclosan and triclocarban. Environ Health Perspect 125.
https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1788
358. Weatherly LM, Gosse JA (2017) Triclosan exposure, transformation, and human health
effects. J Toxicol Environ Heal B Crit Rev 20:447–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.
2017.1399306
359. Dann AB, Hontela A (2011) Triclosan: environmental exposure, toxicity and mechanisms of
action. J Appl Toxicol 31:285–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1660
360. Heath RJ, Rubin JR, Holland DR, Zhang E, Snow ME, Rock CO (1999) Mechanism of
triclosan inhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis. J Biol Chem 274:11110–11114. https://
doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.16.11110
361. Jones RD, Jampani HB, Newman JL, Lee AS (2000) Triclosan: a review of effectiveness and
safety in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 28:184–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/s01966553(00)90027-0
362. McLeod R, Muench SP, Rafferty JB, Kyle DE, Mui EJ, Kirisits MJ, Mack DG, Roberts CW,
Samuel BU, Lyons RE, Dorris M, Milhous WK, Rice DW (2001) Triclosan inhibits the growth
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
303
dissolved organic matter extracted from pig manure on the functional diversity of soil
microbial community. Soil Biol Biochem 74:148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.
2014.03.005
347. Ricken B, Fellmann O, Kohler HPE, Schäffer A, Corvini PFX, Kolvenbach BA (2015)
Degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics by Microbacterium sp. strain BR1 – elucidating the
downstream pathway. N Biotechnol 32:710–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2015.03.005
348. Tappe W, Herbst M, Hofmann D, Koeppchen S, Kummer S, Thiele B, Groeneweg J (2013)
Degradation of sulfadiazine by Microbacterium lacus strain SDZm4, isolated from lysimeters
previously manured with slurry from sulfadiazine-medicated pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol
79:2572–2577. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03636-12
349. Zhang WW, Wen YY, Niu ZL, Yin K, Xu DX, Chen LX (2012) Isolation and characterization
of sulfonamide-degrading bacteria Escherichia sp. HS21 and Acinetobacter sp. HS51. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 28:447–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0834-z
350. Leng Y, Bao J, Chang G, Zheng H, Li X, Du J, Snow D, Li X (2016) Biotransformation of
tetracycline by a novel bacterial strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DT1. J Hazard Mater
318:125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.053
351. Mulla SI, Hu A, Sun Q, Li J, Suanon F, Ashfaq M, Yu CP (2018) Biodegradation of
sulfamethoxazole in bacteria from three different origins. J Environ Manage 206:93–102.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.029
352. Zhang W, Qiu L, Gong A, Yuan X (2017) Isolation and characterization of a high-efficiency
erythromycin A-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. strain. Mar Pollut Bull 114:896–902. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.076
353. Deng Y, Li B, Zhang T (2018) Bacteria that make a meal of sulfonamide antibiotics: blind
spots and emerging opportunities. Environ Sci Technol 52:3854–3868. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.7b06026
354. Hirth N, Topp E, Dörfler U, Stupperich E, Munch JC, Schroll R (2016) An effective
bioremediation approach for enhanced microbial degradation of the veterinary antibiotic
sulfamethazine in an agricultural soil. Chem Biol Technol Agric 3:29. https://doi.org/10.
1186/s40538-016-0080-6
355. Maillard J-Y (2002) Bacterial target sites for biocide action. J Appl Microbiol 92(Suppl):16S–
27S
356. Kim SA, Moon H, Lee K, Rhee MS (2015) Bactericidal effects of triclosan in soap both
in vitro and in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 70:3345–3352. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/
dkv275
357. Halden RU, Lindeman AE, Aiello AE, Andrews D, Arnold WA, Fair P, Fuoco RE, Geer LA,
Johnson PI, Lohmann R, McNeill K, Sacks VP, Schettler T, Weber R, Zoeller RT, Blum A
(2017) The Florence statement on triclosan and triclocarban. Environ Health Perspect 125.
https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1788
358. Weatherly LM, Gosse JA (2017) Triclosan exposure, transformation, and human health
effects. J Toxicol Environ Heal B Crit Rev 20:447–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.
2017.1399306
359. Dann AB, Hontela A (2011) Triclosan: environmental exposure, toxicity and mechanisms of
action. J Appl Toxicol 31:285–311. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.1660
360. Heath RJ, Rubin JR, Holland DR, Zhang E, Snow ME, Rock CO (1999) Mechanism of
triclosan inhibition of bacterial fatty acid synthesis. J Biol Chem 274:11110–11114. https://
doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.16.11110
361. Jones RD, Jampani HB, Newman JL, Lee AS (2000) Triclosan: a review of effectiveness and
safety in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 28:184–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/s01966553(00)90027-0
362. McLeod R, Muench SP, Rafferty JB, Kyle DE, Mui EJ, Kirisits MJ, Mack DG, Roberts CW,
Samuel BU, Lyons RE, Dorris M, Milhous WK, Rice DW (2001) Triclosan inhibits the growth
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
303