263. Miao XS, Yang JJ, Metcalfe CD (2005) Carbamazepine and its metabolites in wastewater and
in biosolids in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Environ Sci Technol 39:7469–7475.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es050261e
264. Clara M, Strenn B, Kreuzinger N (2004) Carbamazepine as a possible anthropogenic marker in
the aquatic environment: investigations on the behaviour of Carbamazepine in wastewater
treatment and during groundwater infiltration. Water Res 38:947–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.watres.2003.10.058
265. Nakada N, Kiri K, Shinohara H, Harada A, Kuroda K, Takizawa S, Takada H (2008)
Evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products as water-soluble molecular markers
of sewage. Environ Sci Technol 42:6347–6353. https://doi.org/10.1021/es7030856
266. Tran NH, Li J, Hu J, Ong SL (2014) Occurrence and suitability of pharmaceuticals and
personal care products as molecular markers for raw wastewater contamination in surface
water and groundwater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:4727–4740. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-013-2428-9
267. Williams CF, McLain JET (2012) Soil persistence and fate of carbamazepine, lincomycin,
caffeine, and ibuprofen from wastewater reuse. J Environ Qual 41:1473–1480. https://doi.org/
10.2134/jeq2011.0353
268. Maeng SK, Sharma SK, Abel CDT, Magic-Knezev A, Amy GL (2011) Role of biodegradation
in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds with different bulk organic matter
characteristics through managed aquifer recharge: batch and column studies. Water Res
45:4722–4736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.043
269. Buchicchio A, Bianco G, Sofo A, Masi S, Caniani D (2016) Biodegradation of carbamazepine
and clarithromycin by Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus investigated by liquid
chromatography – high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (FTICR MS-IRMPD). Sci Total
Environ 557–558:733–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.119
270. Golan-Rozen N, Seiwert B, Riemenschneider C, Reemtsma T, Chefetz B, Hadar Y (2015)
Transformation pathways of the recalcitrant pharmaceutical compound carbamazepine by the
white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus: effects of growth conditions. Environ Sci Technol
49:12351–12362. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02222
271. Jelic A, Cruz-Morató C, Marco-Urrea E, Sarrà M, Perez S, Vicent T, Petrović M, Barcelo D
(2012) Degradation of carbamazepine by Trametes versicolor in an air pulsed fluidized bed
bioreactor and identification of intermediates. Water Res 46:955–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.watres.2011.11.063
272. Kang SI, Kang SY, Hur HG (2008) Identification of fungal metabolites of anticonvulsant drug
carbamazepine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79:663–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-0081459-5
273. Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Marco-Urrea E, Caminal G (2010) Degradation of naproxen and
carbamazepine in spiked sludge by slurry and solid-phase Trametes versicolor systems.
Bioresour Technol 101:2259–2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.089
274. Ha H, Mahanty B, Yoon S, Kim CG (2016) Degradation of the long-resistant pharmaceutical
compounds carbamazepine and diatrizoate using mixed microbial culture. J Environ Sci Heal
A Toxic/Hazardous Subst Environ Eng 51:467–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2015.
1128712
275. Kittelmann M, Lattmann R, Ghisalba O (1993) Preparation of 10,11-epoxy-carbamazepine
and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-carbamazepine by microbial epoxidation and hydroxylation.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 57:1589–1590. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1589
276. Gauthier H, Cooper DG, Yargeau V (2008) Biodegradation of pharmaceuticals by common
microorganisms. In: WIT transactions on ecology and the environment. WIT Press, Southampton, pp 263–271. https://doi.org/10.2495/WP080261
277. Nasir NM, Talib SA, Hashim SN, Tay CC (2018) Biodegradation of carbamazepine using
fungi and bacteria. J Fundam Appl Sci 9:124. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i6s.12
298
S. Gallego and F. Martin-Laurent
in biosolids in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Environ Sci Technol 39:7469–7475.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es050261e
264. Clara M, Strenn B, Kreuzinger N (2004) Carbamazepine as a possible anthropogenic marker in
the aquatic environment: investigations on the behaviour of Carbamazepine in wastewater
treatment and during groundwater infiltration. Water Res 38:947–954. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.watres.2003.10.058
265. Nakada N, Kiri K, Shinohara H, Harada A, Kuroda K, Takizawa S, Takada H (2008)
Evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products as water-soluble molecular markers
of sewage. Environ Sci Technol 42:6347–6353. https://doi.org/10.1021/es7030856
266. Tran NH, Li J, Hu J, Ong SL (2014) Occurrence and suitability of pharmaceuticals and
personal care products as molecular markers for raw wastewater contamination in surface
water and groundwater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:4727–4740. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-013-2428-9
267. Williams CF, McLain JET (2012) Soil persistence and fate of carbamazepine, lincomycin,
caffeine, and ibuprofen from wastewater reuse. J Environ Qual 41:1473–1480. https://doi.org/
10.2134/jeq2011.0353
268. Maeng SK, Sharma SK, Abel CDT, Magic-Knezev A, Amy GL (2011) Role of biodegradation
in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds with different bulk organic matter
characteristics through managed aquifer recharge: batch and column studies. Water Res
45:4722–4736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.043
269. Buchicchio A, Bianco G, Sofo A, Masi S, Caniani D (2016) Biodegradation of carbamazepine
and clarithromycin by Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus investigated by liquid
chromatography – high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (FTICR MS-IRMPD). Sci Total
Environ 557–558:733–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.119
270. Golan-Rozen N, Seiwert B, Riemenschneider C, Reemtsma T, Chefetz B, Hadar Y (2015)
Transformation pathways of the recalcitrant pharmaceutical compound carbamazepine by the
white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus: effects of growth conditions. Environ Sci Technol
49:12351–12362. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02222
271. Jelic A, Cruz-Morató C, Marco-Urrea E, Sarrà M, Perez S, Vicent T, Petrović M, Barcelo D
(2012) Degradation of carbamazepine by Trametes versicolor in an air pulsed fluidized bed
bioreactor and identification of intermediates. Water Res 46:955–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.watres.2011.11.063
272. Kang SI, Kang SY, Hur HG (2008) Identification of fungal metabolites of anticonvulsant drug
carbamazepine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 79:663–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-0081459-5
273. Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Marco-Urrea E, Caminal G (2010) Degradation of naproxen and
carbamazepine in spiked sludge by slurry and solid-phase Trametes versicolor systems.
Bioresour Technol 101:2259–2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.089
274. Ha H, Mahanty B, Yoon S, Kim CG (2016) Degradation of the long-resistant pharmaceutical
compounds carbamazepine and diatrizoate using mixed microbial culture. J Environ Sci Heal
A Toxic/Hazardous Subst Environ Eng 51:467–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2015.
1128712
275. Kittelmann M, Lattmann R, Ghisalba O (1993) Preparation of 10,11-epoxy-carbamazepine
and 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxy-carbamazepine by microbial epoxidation and hydroxylation.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 57:1589–1590. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1589
276. Gauthier H, Cooper DG, Yargeau V (2008) Biodegradation of pharmaceuticals by common
microorganisms. In: WIT transactions on ecology and the environment. WIT Press, Southampton, pp 263–271. https://doi.org/10.2495/WP080261
277. Nasir NM, Talib SA, Hashim SN, Tay CC (2018) Biodegradation of carbamazepine using
fungi and bacteria. J Fundam Appl Sci 9:124. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i6s.12
298
S. Gallego and F. Martin-Laurent