196. Domaradzka D, Guzik U, Wojcieszyńska D (2015) Biodegradation and biotransformation of
polycyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 14:229–239.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9364-8
197. Hata T, Kawai S, Okamura H, Nishida T (2010) Removal of diclofenac and mefenamic acid by
the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and identification of their metabolites
after fungal transformation. Biodegradation 21:681–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-0109334-3
198. Marco-Urrea E, Pérez-Trujillo M, Cruz-Morató C, Caminal G, Vicent T (2010) Degradation of
the drug sodium diclofenac by Trametes versicolor pellets and identification of some intermediates by NMR. J Hazard Mater 176:836–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.
112
199. Rodarte-Morales AI, Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Lema JM (2011) Degradation of selected
pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by white-rot fungi. World J Microbiol
Biotechnol 27:1839–1846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0642-x
200. Webster R, Pacey M, Winchester T, Johnson P, Jezequel S (1998) Microbial oxidative
metabolism of diclofenac: production of 4
0 -hydroxydiclofenac using Epicoccum nigrum
IMI354292. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 49:371–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051184
201. Stylianou K, Hapeshi E, Vasquez MI, Fatta-Kassinos D, Vyrides I (2018) Diclofenac biodegradation by newly isolated Klebsiella sp. KSC: microbial intermediates and ecotoxicological
assessment. J Environ Chem Eng 6:3242–3248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.04.052
202. Domaradzka D, Guzik U, Hupert-Kocurek K, Wojcieszyńska D (2016) Toxicity of diclofenac
and its biotransformation by Raoultella sp. DD4. Pol J Environ Stud 25:2211–2216. https://
doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/62681
203. Ivshina IB, Tyumina EA, Kuzmina MV, Vikhareva EV (2019) Features of diclofenac biodegradation by Rhodococcus ruber IEGM 346. Sci Rep 9:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598019-45732-9
204. Osorio-Lozada A, Surapaneni S, Skiles GL, Subramanian R (2008) Biosynthesis of drug
metabolites using microbes in hollow fiber cartridge reactors: case study of diclofenac
metabolism by actinoplanes species. Drug Metab Dispos 36:234–240. https://doi.org/10.
1124/dmd.107.019323
205. Palyzová A, Zahradník J, Marešová H, Sokolová L, Kyslíková E, Grulich M, Štěpánek V,
Řezanka T, Kyslík P (2018) Potential of the strain Raoultella sp. KDF8 for removal of
analgesics. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 63:273–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-017-0563-2
206. Dutta NK, Kumar KA, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Ray R, Chakrabarty AN (2004) In vitro and
in vivo antimycobacterial activity of antiinflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium. Indian J Exp
Biol 42:922–927
207. Salem-Milani A, Balaei-Gajan E, Rahimi S, Moosavi Z, Abdollahi A, Zakeri-Milani P,
Bolourian M (2013) Antibacterial effect of diclofenac sodium on Enterococcus faecalis. J
Dent (Tehran) 10:16–22
208. Bhattacharya S, Akula Y, Mitongo GM, Khorram Q (2017) Comparison between effects of
antibiotics, NSAIDs and their mixture on the growth of microorganisms. Porto Biomed J
2:176–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.2017.07.006
209. Mazumdar K, Dutta NK, Dastidar SG, Motohashi N, Shirataki Y (2006) Diclofenac in the
management of E. coli urinary tract infections. In Vivo (Brooklyn) 20:613–620
210. Dastidar SG, Ganguly K, Chaudhuri K, Chakrabarty AN (2000) The anti-bacterial action of
diclofenac shown by inhibition of DNA synthesis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 14:249–251.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(99)00159-4
211. Dutta NK, Annadurai S, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Kristiansen JE, Molnar J, Martins M,
Amaral L (2007) Potential management of resistant microbial infections with a novel
non-antibiotic: the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium. Int J Antimicrob Agents
30:242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.018
294
S. Gallego and F. Martin-Laurent
polycyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 14:229–239.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-015-9364-8
197. Hata T, Kawai S, Okamura H, Nishida T (2010) Removal of diclofenac and mefenamic acid by
the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and identification of their metabolites
after fungal transformation. Biodegradation 21:681–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-0109334-3
198. Marco-Urrea E, Pérez-Trujillo M, Cruz-Morató C, Caminal G, Vicent T (2010) Degradation of
the drug sodium diclofenac by Trametes versicolor pellets and identification of some intermediates by NMR. J Hazard Mater 176:836–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.
112
199. Rodarte-Morales AI, Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Lema JM (2011) Degradation of selected
pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by white-rot fungi. World J Microbiol
Biotechnol 27:1839–1846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0642-x
200. Webster R, Pacey M, Winchester T, Johnson P, Jezequel S (1998) Microbial oxidative
metabolism of diclofenac: production of 4
0 -hydroxydiclofenac using Epicoccum nigrum
IMI354292. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 49:371–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051184
201. Stylianou K, Hapeshi E, Vasquez MI, Fatta-Kassinos D, Vyrides I (2018) Diclofenac biodegradation by newly isolated Klebsiella sp. KSC: microbial intermediates and ecotoxicological
assessment. J Environ Chem Eng 6:3242–3248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.04.052
202. Domaradzka D, Guzik U, Hupert-Kocurek K, Wojcieszyńska D (2016) Toxicity of diclofenac
and its biotransformation by Raoultella sp. DD4. Pol J Environ Stud 25:2211–2216. https://
doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/62681
203. Ivshina IB, Tyumina EA, Kuzmina MV, Vikhareva EV (2019) Features of diclofenac biodegradation by Rhodococcus ruber IEGM 346. Sci Rep 9:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598019-45732-9
204. Osorio-Lozada A, Surapaneni S, Skiles GL, Subramanian R (2008) Biosynthesis of drug
metabolites using microbes in hollow fiber cartridge reactors: case study of diclofenac
metabolism by actinoplanes species. Drug Metab Dispos 36:234–240. https://doi.org/10.
1124/dmd.107.019323
205. Palyzová A, Zahradník J, Marešová H, Sokolová L, Kyslíková E, Grulich M, Štěpánek V,
Řezanka T, Kyslík P (2018) Potential of the strain Raoultella sp. KDF8 for removal of
analgesics. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 63:273–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-017-0563-2
206. Dutta NK, Kumar KA, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Ray R, Chakrabarty AN (2004) In vitro and
in vivo antimycobacterial activity of antiinflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium. Indian J Exp
Biol 42:922–927
207. Salem-Milani A, Balaei-Gajan E, Rahimi S, Moosavi Z, Abdollahi A, Zakeri-Milani P,
Bolourian M (2013) Antibacterial effect of diclofenac sodium on Enterococcus faecalis. J
Dent (Tehran) 10:16–22
208. Bhattacharya S, Akula Y, Mitongo GM, Khorram Q (2017) Comparison between effects of
antibiotics, NSAIDs and their mixture on the growth of microorganisms. Porto Biomed J
2:176–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.2017.07.006
209. Mazumdar K, Dutta NK, Dastidar SG, Motohashi N, Shirataki Y (2006) Diclofenac in the
management of E. coli urinary tract infections. In Vivo (Brooklyn) 20:613–620
210. Dastidar SG, Ganguly K, Chaudhuri K, Chakrabarty AN (2000) The anti-bacterial action of
diclofenac shown by inhibition of DNA synthesis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 14:249–251.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-8579(99)00159-4
211. Dutta NK, Annadurai S, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Kristiansen JE, Molnar J, Martins M,
Amaral L (2007) Potential management of resistant microbial infections with a novel
non-antibiotic: the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium. Int J Antimicrob Agents
30:242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.04.018
294
S. Gallego and F. Martin-Laurent