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189. Azzouz A, Ballesteros E (2012) Combined microwave-assisted extraction and continuous
solid-phase extraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and hormones in soils, sediments and sludge. Sci Total
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190. Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D (2017) Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: concentration of pharmaceuticals in
soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. Water
Res 109:24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.033
191. Gavrilescu M, Demnerová K, Aamand J, Agathos S, Fava F (2015) Emerging pollutants in the
environment: present and future challenges in biomonitoring, ecological risks and bioremediation. N Biotechnol 32:147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.01.001
192. Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL (2020)
Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota – a review. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.
134057
193. Johnson AC, Dumont E, Williams RJ, Oldenkamp R, Cisowska I, Sumpter JP (2013) Do
concentrations of ethinylestradiol, estradiol, and diclofenac in European rivers exceed proposed EU environmental quality standards? Environ Sci Technol 47:12297–12304. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es4030035
194. Lonappan L, Brar SK, Das RK, Verma M, Surampalli RY (2016) Diclofenac and its transformation products: environmental occurrence and toxicity – a review. Environ Int
96:127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.014
195. Sousa JCG, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT (2018) A review on
environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. J Hazard
Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.058
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
293
sediment microbial growth incubated at different temperatures and UV exposures. Biodegradation 23:497–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-011-9528-3
182. Corcoll N, Acuña V, Barceló D, Casellas M, Guasch H, Huerta B, Petrovic M, Ponsatí L,
Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sabater S (2014) Pollution-induced community tolerance to
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in fluvial biofilm communities affected by
WWTP effluents. Chemosphere 112:185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.
03.128
183. Jiang C, Geng J, Hu H, Ma H, Gao X, Ren H (2017) Impact of selected non-steroidal antiinflammatory pharmaceuticals on microbial community assembly and activity in sequencing
batch reactors. PLoS One 12:e0179236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179236
184. Stuer-Lauridsen F, Birkved M, Hansen LP, Holten Lützhøft HC, Halling-Sørensen B (2000)
Environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals in Denmark after normal therapeutic use. Chemosphere 40:783–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00453-1
185. European Commision (EC) (2012) Report from the Commission to the European parliament
and the Council on the outcome of the review of Annex X to Directive 2000/60/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council on priority substances in the field of water policy
[WWW Document]. Resources. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-012-0378-1
186. Joss A, Keller E, Alder AC, Göbel A, McArdell CS, Ternes T, Siegrist H (2005) Removal of
pharmaceuticals and fragrances in biological wastewater treatment. Water Res 39:3139–3152.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.031
187. Paxéus N (2004) Removal of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
gemfibrozil, carbamazepine, β-blockers, trimethoprim and triclosan in conventional wastewater treatment plants in five EU countries and their discharge to the aquatic environment. Water
Sci Technol 50:253–260. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0335
188. Zhang Y, Geißen SU, Gal C (2008) Carbamazepine and diclofenac: removal in wastewater
treatment plants and occurrence in water bodies. Chemosphere 73:1151–1161. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.086
189. Azzouz A, Ballesteros E (2012) Combined microwave-assisted extraction and continuous
solid-phase extraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and hormones in soils, sediments and sludge. Sci Total
Environ 419:208–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.058
190. Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D (2017) Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: concentration of pharmaceuticals in
soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. Water
Res 109:24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.033
191. Gavrilescu M, Demnerová K, Aamand J, Agathos S, Fava F (2015) Emerging pollutants in the
environment: present and future challenges in biomonitoring, ecological risks and bioremediation. N Biotechnol 32:147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.01.001
192. Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL (2020)
Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota – a review. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.
134057
193. Johnson AC, Dumont E, Williams RJ, Oldenkamp R, Cisowska I, Sumpter JP (2013) Do
concentrations of ethinylestradiol, estradiol, and diclofenac in European rivers exceed proposed EU environmental quality standards? Environ Sci Technol 47:12297–12304. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es4030035
194. Lonappan L, Brar SK, Das RK, Verma M, Surampalli RY (2016) Diclofenac and its transformation products: environmental occurrence and toxicity – a review. Environ Int
96:127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.014
195. Sousa JCG, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT (2018) A review on
environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. J Hazard
Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.058
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
293