115. Ying GG, Yu XY, Kookana RS (2007) Biological degradation of triclocarban and triclosan in
a soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and comparison with environmental fate
modelling. Environ Pollut 150:300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.02.013
116. Yu Y, Liu Y, Wu L (2013) Sorption and degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care
products (PPCPs) in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:4261–4267. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-012-1442-7
117. Topp E, Renaud J, Sumarah M, Sabourin L (2016) Reduced persistence of the macrolide
antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin in agricultural soil following several years of exposure in the field. Sci Total Environ 562:136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
scitotenv.2016.03.210
118. Topp E, Hendel JG, Lapen DR, Chapman R (2008) Fate of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug naproxen in agricultural soil receiving liquid municipal biosolids. Environ Toxicol Chem
27:2005–2010. https://doi.org/10.1897/07-644.1
119. Carr DL, Morse AN, Zak JC, Anderson TA (2011) Biological degradation of common
pharmaceuticals and personal care products in soils with high water content. Water Air Soil
Pollut 217:127–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0573-z
120. Girardi C, Nowak KM, Carranza-Diaz O, Lewkow B, Miltner A, Gehre M, Schäffer A,
Kästner M (2013) Microbial degradation of the pharmaceutical ibuprofen and the herbicide
2,4-D in water and soil – use and limits of data obtained from aqueous systems for predicting
their fate in soil. Sci Total Environ 444:32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.051
121. Al-Rajab AJ, Sabourin L, Lapen DR, Topp E (2010) The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diclofenac is readily biodegradable in agricultural soils. Sci Total Environ 409:78–82. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.020
122. Facey SJ, Nebel BA, Kontny L, Allgaier M, Hauer B (2018) Rapid and complete degradation
of diclofenac by native soil microorganisms. Environ Technol Innov 10:55–61. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.eti.2017.12.009
123. Thelusmond JR, Kawka E, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM (2018) Diclofenac, carbamazepine
and triclocarban biodegradation in agricultural soils and the microorganisms and metabolic
pathways affected. Sci Total Environ 640–641:1393–1410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
scitotenv.2018.05.403
124. Chen J, Jiang X, Tong T, Miao S, Huang J, Xie S (2019) Sulfadiazine degradation in soils:
dynamics, functional gene, antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community. Sci Total
Environ 691:1072–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.230
125. Al-Rajab AJ, Sabourin L, Lapen DR, Topp E (2015) Dissipation of triclosan, triclocarban,
carbamazepine and naproxen in agricultural soil following surface or sub-surface application
of dewatered municipal biosolids. Sci Total Environ 512–513:480–488. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.075
126. Butler E, Whelan MJ, Ritz K, Sakrabani R, van Egmond R (2011) Effects of triclosan on soil
microbial respiration. Environ Toxicol Chem 30:360–366. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.405
127. Cha J, Cupples AM (2010) Triclocarban and triclosan biodegradation at field concentrations
and the resulting leaching potentials in three agricultural soils. Chemosphere 81:494–499.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.040
128. Lozano N, Rice CP, Ramirez M, Torrents A (2013) Fate of triclocarban, triclosan and
methyltriclosan during wastewater and biosolids treatment processes. Water Res
47:4519–4527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.015
129. Lozano N, Rice CP, Ramirez M, Torrents A (2010) Fate of triclosan in agricultural soils after
biosolid applications. Chemosphere 78:760–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.
2009.10.043
130. Thelusmond JR, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM (2019) Carbamazepine, triclocarban and triclosan biodegradation and the phylotypes and functional genes associated with xenobiotic
degradation in four agricultural soils. Sci Total Environ 657:1138–1149. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.145
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
289
a soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and comparison with environmental fate
modelling. Environ Pollut 150:300–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.02.013
116. Yu Y, Liu Y, Wu L (2013) Sorption and degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care
products (PPCPs) in soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:4261–4267. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-012-1442-7
117. Topp E, Renaud J, Sumarah M, Sabourin L (2016) Reduced persistence of the macrolide
antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin in agricultural soil following several years of exposure in the field. Sci Total Environ 562:136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
scitotenv.2016.03.210
118. Topp E, Hendel JG, Lapen DR, Chapman R (2008) Fate of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug naproxen in agricultural soil receiving liquid municipal biosolids. Environ Toxicol Chem
27:2005–2010. https://doi.org/10.1897/07-644.1
119. Carr DL, Morse AN, Zak JC, Anderson TA (2011) Biological degradation of common
pharmaceuticals and personal care products in soils with high water content. Water Air Soil
Pollut 217:127–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0573-z
120. Girardi C, Nowak KM, Carranza-Diaz O, Lewkow B, Miltner A, Gehre M, Schäffer A,
Kästner M (2013) Microbial degradation of the pharmaceutical ibuprofen and the herbicide
2,4-D in water and soil – use and limits of data obtained from aqueous systems for predicting
their fate in soil. Sci Total Environ 444:32–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.051
121. Al-Rajab AJ, Sabourin L, Lapen DR, Topp E (2010) The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
diclofenac is readily biodegradable in agricultural soils. Sci Total Environ 409:78–82. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.020
122. Facey SJ, Nebel BA, Kontny L, Allgaier M, Hauer B (2018) Rapid and complete degradation
of diclofenac by native soil microorganisms. Environ Technol Innov 10:55–61. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.eti.2017.12.009
123. Thelusmond JR, Kawka E, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM (2018) Diclofenac, carbamazepine
and triclocarban biodegradation in agricultural soils and the microorganisms and metabolic
pathways affected. Sci Total Environ 640–641:1393–1410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
scitotenv.2018.05.403
124. Chen J, Jiang X, Tong T, Miao S, Huang J, Xie S (2019) Sulfadiazine degradation in soils:
dynamics, functional gene, antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community. Sci Total
Environ 691:1072–1081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.230
125. Al-Rajab AJ, Sabourin L, Lapen DR, Topp E (2015) Dissipation of triclosan, triclocarban,
carbamazepine and naproxen in agricultural soil following surface or sub-surface application
of dewatered municipal biosolids. Sci Total Environ 512–513:480–488. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.075
126. Butler E, Whelan MJ, Ritz K, Sakrabani R, van Egmond R (2011) Effects of triclosan on soil
microbial respiration. Environ Toxicol Chem 30:360–366. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.405
127. Cha J, Cupples AM (2010) Triclocarban and triclosan biodegradation at field concentrations
and the resulting leaching potentials in three agricultural soils. Chemosphere 81:494–499.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.040
128. Lozano N, Rice CP, Ramirez M, Torrents A (2013) Fate of triclocarban, triclosan and
methyltriclosan during wastewater and biosolids treatment processes. Water Res
47:4519–4527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.015
129. Lozano N, Rice CP, Ramirez M, Torrents A (2010) Fate of triclosan in agricultural soils after
biosolid applications. Chemosphere 78:760–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.
2009.10.043
130. Thelusmond JR, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM (2019) Carbamazepine, triclocarban and triclosan biodegradation and the phylotypes and functional genes associated with xenobiotic
degradation in four agricultural soils. Sci Total Environ 657:1138–1149. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.145
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
289