752
Solid acid catalysts, 115
Solid adsorbents, 606, 608
Solid-carbon, 327, 333
SO x emissions, 87
SO x -reduction additives, 87, 88
Spent catalyst slide valve (SCSV), 76
Spent catalyst standpipe (SCSP), 76
Sponge coke, 383
Spouted fluidized bed (SFB) gasifier, 409
Start-of-run (SOR), 55
Steam-activated reforming (STAR), 157
Steam reforming (SR), 347
alcohol’s, 419
challenges, 417, 418
desirable ethanol reaction, 420
endothermic reaction, 417
ethanol, 421
glycerol, 424, 425
H 2 selectivity, 421
high-temperature catalysts, 423
hydrogen, 418
methanol, 425
methanol steam reforming, 423
with oxidation, 419
oxidative, 420
reactions, 419
Rh and Co-based catalysts, 422
Ru-catalyzed ethanol, 423
standard by-product distribution, 416
transition metal, 423
Steam reforming of methane (SRM), 320
Stereo-controlled poly-α-olefin, 686
Stereoregular polyhydrocarbons, 680
Stereoregulation, 684
Stereospecific polyolefins
13
C NMR spectroscopic data, 681
Bernoullian statistical distribution,
681, 682
bis(cyclopentadienyl)bis(phenyl)titanium
catalyst system, 681, 682
bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium
chloride, 681
Cp 2 MX 2 -AlR 3 systems, 681
homogeneous catalyst systems, 680
matrix-supported catalyst system, 680
m-diad, r-diad, and mmmm pentad
configuration, 682
melting points, 680, 681
methylalumoxanes, 681
molecular weight, 681
NMR spectroscopy, 681
R group, 682
stereo-controlled polypropylene chain, 682
syndio-regulating ability, 682
syndiotactic polypropylene, 682, 683
thermal and mechanical properties, 680
trialkyl aluminum-based catalyst, 681
Straight-run feedstocks, 74
Structure-directing agent (SDA), 504, 518
Styrene, 130
Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), 130
Styrene production
alternate process, 135, 136
conventional process
EB dehydrogenation, 130,
132–134, 141
SMPO process, 134, 135
Substituted dibenzothiophene, 3, 4
Sulfated zirconia, 115
Sulfidation, 47
Sulfiding, 46
Sulfuric acid, 115
Sunfire GmbH in Germany, 611
Supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ), 600, 619, 630, 631
Supercritical water gasification, 408
Superflex process, 161
Supported catalysts, 539
Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs),
653, 654
Supported metal catalysts, 208
Sustainable development, 254
Syndio-specific propylene, 695
Syndiotactic polypropylene, 682, 683
Syngas (CO+H 2 ), 230, 231, 320, 401, 402,
407, 430, 558, 559
consumption, 494
conversion, 460, 494
production, 230
Syngas to olefins (STO), 538
Synthesis gas, 537, 538
Synthetic fuels, 558, 589
T
Target-related end-products, 254
Task-specific DESs, 664
Task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), 653
Temperature-programmed reduction
(TPR), 544
Temperatures, 43, 50, 325
Termolecular mechanism, 647
Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), 168, 170
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), 97
Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide process
(TBHP), 166–170
Tertiary-butyl polysulfide (TBPS), 47
Tetraalkylammonium-based polymeric ionic
liquid, 654
Index
Solid acid catalysts, 115
Solid adsorbents, 606, 608
Solid-carbon, 327, 333
SO x emissions, 87
SO x -reduction additives, 87, 88
Spent catalyst slide valve (SCSV), 76
Spent catalyst standpipe (SCSP), 76
Sponge coke, 383
Spouted fluidized bed (SFB) gasifier, 409
Start-of-run (SOR), 55
Steam-activated reforming (STAR), 157
Steam reforming (SR), 347
alcohol’s, 419
challenges, 417, 418
desirable ethanol reaction, 420
endothermic reaction, 417
ethanol, 421
glycerol, 424, 425
H 2 selectivity, 421
high-temperature catalysts, 423
hydrogen, 418
methanol, 425
methanol steam reforming, 423
with oxidation, 419
oxidative, 420
reactions, 419
Rh and Co-based catalysts, 422
Ru-catalyzed ethanol, 423
standard by-product distribution, 416
transition metal, 423
Steam reforming of methane (SRM), 320
Stereo-controlled poly-α-olefin, 686
Stereoregular polyhydrocarbons, 680
Stereoregulation, 684
Stereospecific polyolefins
13
C NMR spectroscopic data, 681
Bernoullian statistical distribution,
681, 682
bis(cyclopentadienyl)bis(phenyl)titanium
catalyst system, 681, 682
bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium
chloride, 681
Cp 2 MX 2 -AlR 3 systems, 681
homogeneous catalyst systems, 680
matrix-supported catalyst system, 680
m-diad, r-diad, and mmmm pentad
configuration, 682
melting points, 680, 681
methylalumoxanes, 681
molecular weight, 681
NMR spectroscopy, 681
R group, 682
stereo-controlled polypropylene chain, 682
syndio-regulating ability, 682
syndiotactic polypropylene, 682, 683
thermal and mechanical properties, 680
trialkyl aluminum-based catalyst, 681
Straight-run feedstocks, 74
Structure-directing agent (SDA), 504, 518
Styrene, 130
Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), 130
Styrene production
alternate process, 135, 136
conventional process
EB dehydrogenation, 130,
132–134, 141
SMPO process, 134, 135
Substituted dibenzothiophene, 3, 4
Sulfated zirconia, 115
Sulfidation, 47
Sulfiding, 46
Sulfuric acid, 115
Sunfire GmbH in Germany, 611
Supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ), 600, 619, 630, 631
Supercritical water gasification, 408
Superflex process, 161
Supported catalysts, 539
Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs),
653, 654
Supported metal catalysts, 208
Sustainable development, 254
Syndio-specific propylene, 695
Syndiotactic polypropylene, 682, 683
Syngas (CO+H 2 ), 230, 231, 320, 401, 402,
407, 430, 558, 559
consumption, 494
conversion, 460, 494
production, 230
Syngas to olefins (STO), 538
Synthesis gas, 537, 538
Synthetic fuels, 558, 589
T
Target-related end-products, 254
Task-specific DESs, 664
Task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), 653
Temperature-programmed reduction
(TPR), 544
Temperatures, 43, 50, 325
Termolecular mechanism, 647
Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), 168, 170
Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), 97
Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide process
(TBHP), 166–170
Tertiary-butyl polysulfide (TBPS), 47
Tetraalkylammonium-based polymeric ionic
liquid, 654
Index