751
diesel and jet fuels, 517
DPA/DIPA, 511
fuel production, hydrocarbons, 509
hydrocarbons n-hexadecane, 511
hydroconversion, 511
hydroconversion, non-edible jatropha
oil, 518
hydroisomerization, n-pentane, 512
iso-butene selectivity, 510
iso-dodecane selectivity, 511
LaPt/SAPO-11 and CePt/SAPO-11, 512
metal distribution, 510
metal-loaded catalyst, 511
metal loading methods, 510
methyl laurate, 518
n-dodecane, 510, 511
Ni loading effect, 517
NiP/SAPO-1, 511
NiP/SAPO-11, 510
non-sulfide and sulfide NiMo/
SAPO-11, 518
oleic acid hydroisomerization, 517
pore size and acidity, 519
precursors, 511
Pt/AlSBA-15 catalyst, 512
Pt/HBEA catalyst, 512
Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst, 511
rapeseed oil, 518
reaction parameters, 509
SDA, 518
Si/Al ratio, 517
silica, 509
soybean oil to green diesel conversion, 517
synthesis time, 509
synthetic conditions, 510, 511
SAPO-34, 356–359, 363, 364, 366
C 2 -C 3 olefins, 507
DME, 507
esterification process, 516
fluidized bed reactors, 508
MTO reaction, 507, 508
olefins, 508
oxonium ylide mechanism, 507
products, 507
p-xylene production, 517
TMO species, 507
Saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes
(SARA), 709
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM),
13, 16
S–Cl bond, 274, 275
Secondary building units (SBU), 395
Sedimentation, 719
Selective butadiene hydrogenation, 207
Selective hydrogenation
acetylenes, 206
1,3-butadiene
adspecies, 221
alkali additives, 220
catalytic hydrogenation, DFT, 212–214
electron attracting additives, 221
K and Na effect on Pt, 220
kinetics and reaction pathway, 209–211
promoters, 220, 222
reaction order, reactants, 211–212
reaction pathways, 222
structure sensitive and metal
dispersion, 217–220
support on hydrogenation, 215–217
with heterogeneous catalysts, 223
methyl acetylenes, 206
propadienes, 206
Semiregen generative process, 389
Separation processes, 378, 379
Shale gas, 230
Shot coke, 383
Side-chain alkylation, 136, 137
Side-chain toluene alkylation, 136, 138, 141
Side-chain toluene methylation, 136–138, 141
Si–H bond, 274, 275
Silafluorenes, 275
Silica sol-gel-based catalyst, 444
Siliceous zeolites, 363
Silicoaluminophasphate (SAPO)
amines, 506
catalytic performance, 506
CHA topology, 505
DPA, 506
framework topology, 504
inorganic precursors, 504
molecular sieves (see Molecular sieves,
clean fuel production)
SAPO-5, 506 (see also SAPO-5)
SAPO-11, 506 (see also SAPO-11)
SAPO-34 (see SAPO-34)
SDAs, 504
Silicon/aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron, 83
Silicon microreactor, 435–437, 444, 445
Silicon-to-aluminum ratio (SAR), 362
Silver-based catalyst, 172
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 701
Slurry photoreactors, 587, 588
SMART SM™ process, 134
SMPO process, 134, 135, 161
Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), 564
SRK EOS, 564
Solar radiation, 528
Sol-gel method, 24, 444, 540
Index
diesel and jet fuels, 517
DPA/DIPA, 511
fuel production, hydrocarbons, 509
hydrocarbons n-hexadecane, 511
hydroconversion, 511
hydroconversion, non-edible jatropha
oil, 518
hydroisomerization, n-pentane, 512
iso-butene selectivity, 510
iso-dodecane selectivity, 511
LaPt/SAPO-11 and CePt/SAPO-11, 512
metal distribution, 510
metal-loaded catalyst, 511
metal loading methods, 510
methyl laurate, 518
n-dodecane, 510, 511
Ni loading effect, 517
NiP/SAPO-1, 511
NiP/SAPO-11, 510
non-sulfide and sulfide NiMo/
SAPO-11, 518
oleic acid hydroisomerization, 517
pore size and acidity, 519
precursors, 511
Pt/AlSBA-15 catalyst, 512
Pt/HBEA catalyst, 512
Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst, 511
rapeseed oil, 518
reaction parameters, 509
SDA, 518
Si/Al ratio, 517
silica, 509
soybean oil to green diesel conversion, 517
synthesis time, 509
synthetic conditions, 510, 511
SAPO-34, 356–359, 363, 364, 366
C 2 -C 3 olefins, 507
DME, 507
esterification process, 516
fluidized bed reactors, 508
MTO reaction, 507, 508
olefins, 508
oxonium ylide mechanism, 507
products, 507
p-xylene production, 517
TMO species, 507
Saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes
(SARA), 709
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM),
13, 16
S–Cl bond, 274, 275
Secondary building units (SBU), 395
Sedimentation, 719
Selective butadiene hydrogenation, 207
Selective hydrogenation
acetylenes, 206
1,3-butadiene
adspecies, 221
alkali additives, 220
catalytic hydrogenation, DFT, 212–214
electron attracting additives, 221
K and Na effect on Pt, 220
kinetics and reaction pathway, 209–211
promoters, 220, 222
reaction order, reactants, 211–212
reaction pathways, 222
structure sensitive and metal
dispersion, 217–220
support on hydrogenation, 215–217
with heterogeneous catalysts, 223
methyl acetylenes, 206
propadienes, 206
Semiregen generative process, 389
Separation processes, 378, 379
Shale gas, 230
Shot coke, 383
Side-chain alkylation, 136, 137
Side-chain toluene alkylation, 136, 138, 141
Side-chain toluene methylation, 136–138, 141
Si–H bond, 274, 275
Silafluorenes, 275
Silica sol-gel-based catalyst, 444
Siliceous zeolites, 363
Silicoaluminophasphate (SAPO)
amines, 506
catalytic performance, 506
CHA topology, 505
DPA, 506
framework topology, 504
inorganic precursors, 504
molecular sieves (see Molecular sieves,
clean fuel production)
SAPO-5, 506 (see also SAPO-5)
SAPO-11, 506 (see also SAPO-11)
SAPO-34 (see SAPO-34)
SDAs, 504
Silicon/aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron, 83
Silicon microreactor, 435–437, 444, 445
Silicon-to-aluminum ratio (SAR), 362
Silver-based catalyst, 172
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 701
Slurry photoreactors, 587, 588
SMART SM™ process, 134
SMPO process, 134, 135, 161
Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), 564
SRK EOS, 564
Solar radiation, 528
Sol-gel method, 24, 444, 540
Index