750
Reactor configurations
entrained flow gasifier, 407
fixed-bed gasification, 406, 407
fluidized bed gasifier, 408, 409
gasifiers, 405
supercritical water gasification, 408
Redox-neutral strategy, 270
Refining industry, 60
Refining processes
alkylation, 388, 389
amorphous vs. zeolite catalysts, 385
blending, 389
catalytic cracking, 384
catalytic hydrocracking, 384, 385
catalytic reforming, 387, 388
coking, 382, 383
crude oils, 378, 380
distillation, 380–382
hydroprocessing, 385, 386
hydrotreating, 386
isomerization, 387, 388
petroleum refinery
blending, 380
conversion processes, 379
decomposition, 379
distillation, 379
refining operations, 380
reforming, 380
treatment processes, 380
unification, 380
polymerization, 388, 389
refinery, 379
resid processing, 385, 386
thermal processes, 382, 383
Reforming, 379, 387
Reforming catalysts, 425, 546
acidic property, ϒ-Al 2 O 3 , 421
active, 418
cerium oxide crystallites, 421
coke formation, 421
co-precipitation, 422
ethanol steam reforming, 421
membrane reformer, 417
oxide catalysts, 421
Reforming of methane, 549
Regenerated catalyst slide valve (RCSV), 77
Regenerated catalyst standpipe (RCSP), 76
Reid vapor pressure (RVP), 111
“Reinforcing fillers”, 419
Rejuvenation, 52, 54
Renewable electricity, 195
Research octane number (RON), 111, 112,
116, 121, 140
Reservoirs, 377, 378
Resid FCC (RFCC), 154
Resid feeds, 105
Resid processing units, 105
Resids, 385
Resid-to-Propylene (R2P™) technology, 155
Residue hydroproces, 59
Residuum, 382
Reusable catalytic systems, 258, 260
Reverse water gas shift (RWGS), 338, 340,
344, 453, 519, 566, 602, 631–632
Reversible deactivation, 89
RE-Y zeolite, 84
Rh(I)-catalysed double dehydrogenative
cyclization, 275
Rh(III)-catalysed synthesis, 272
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs),
651, 652
Ru catalysed oxidative alkenylation, 265, 266
Ru/CeO 2 catalyst, 260
Ru(II)-electrocatalytic method, 300
Ruthenium-catalysed C–H functionalization
methods, 283
Ruthenium-catalysed isoquinolines
synthesis, 279
Ruthenium-catalysed oxidative
olefination, 266
S
Sabatier/electrolysis process, 549, 550
Sabatier/water electrolysis process, 548
Salen-type tetradentate ligands, 698
SAPO-5, 506
acidic properties, 513
alumina source, 513
C 3 -C 5 range, 514
13 C, 514
catalytic activity, 513
co-feed, 514
composite materials, 514
conversion, synthesis gas, 514
hydrocarbon conversion, 512, 513
LPG conversions, 514
methanol conversion, 512
pyrolysis, 514
thermal cracking, 514
trans-alkylation, toluene, 513
ZSM-5, 514
SAPO-11
acidic sites, 518
active metal, 518
catalyst properties, 511
catalyst synthesis conditions, 511
catalytic activity, 510, 517
Index
Reactor configurations
entrained flow gasifier, 407
fixed-bed gasification, 406, 407
fluidized bed gasifier, 408, 409
gasifiers, 405
supercritical water gasification, 408
Redox-neutral strategy, 270
Refining industry, 60
Refining processes
alkylation, 388, 389
amorphous vs. zeolite catalysts, 385
blending, 389
catalytic cracking, 384
catalytic hydrocracking, 384, 385
catalytic reforming, 387, 388
coking, 382, 383
crude oils, 378, 380
distillation, 380–382
hydroprocessing, 385, 386
hydrotreating, 386
isomerization, 387, 388
petroleum refinery
blending, 380
conversion processes, 379
decomposition, 379
distillation, 379
refining operations, 380
reforming, 380
treatment processes, 380
unification, 380
polymerization, 388, 389
refinery, 379
resid processing, 385, 386
thermal processes, 382, 383
Reforming, 379, 387
Reforming catalysts, 425, 546
acidic property, ϒ-Al 2 O 3 , 421
active, 418
cerium oxide crystallites, 421
coke formation, 421
co-precipitation, 422
ethanol steam reforming, 421
membrane reformer, 417
oxide catalysts, 421
Reforming of methane, 549
Regenerated catalyst slide valve (RCSV), 77
Regenerated catalyst standpipe (RCSP), 76
Reid vapor pressure (RVP), 111
“Reinforcing fillers”, 419
Rejuvenation, 52, 54
Renewable electricity, 195
Research octane number (RON), 111, 112,
116, 121, 140
Reservoirs, 377, 378
Resid FCC (RFCC), 154
Resid feeds, 105
Resid processing units, 105
Resids, 385
Resid-to-Propylene (R2P™) technology, 155
Residue hydroproces, 59
Residuum, 382
Reusable catalytic systems, 258, 260
Reverse water gas shift (RWGS), 338, 340,
344, 453, 519, 566, 602, 631–632
Reversible deactivation, 89
RE-Y zeolite, 84
Rh(I)-catalysed double dehydrogenative
cyclization, 275
Rh(III)-catalysed synthesis, 272
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs),
651, 652
Ru catalysed oxidative alkenylation, 265, 266
Ru/CeO 2 catalyst, 260
Ru(II)-electrocatalytic method, 300
Ruthenium-catalysed C–H functionalization
methods, 283
Ruthenium-catalysed isoquinolines
synthesis, 279
Ruthenium-catalysed oxidative
olefination, 266
S
Sabatier/electrolysis process, 549, 550
Sabatier/water electrolysis process, 548
Salen-type tetradentate ligands, 698
SAPO-5, 506
acidic properties, 513
alumina source, 513
C 3 -C 5 range, 514
13 C, 514
catalytic activity, 513
co-feed, 514
composite materials, 514
conversion, synthesis gas, 514
hydrocarbon conversion, 512, 513
LPG conversions, 514
methanol conversion, 512
pyrolysis, 514
thermal cracking, 514
trans-alkylation, toluene, 513
ZSM-5, 514
SAPO-11
acidic sites, 518
active metal, 518
catalyst properties, 511
catalyst synthesis conditions, 511
catalytic activity, 510, 517
Index