748
Photocatalytic C–H bond activations (cont.)
heterocyclic frameworks, 284
indoles and H 2 evolution, 287
intramolecular imine, 288, 289
iridium-catalysed visible-light-induced
synthesis, 286
nickel-catalysed photochemical C–H
arylation, 287
nitroalkanes, 285
non-activated alkenes, 288, 289
organic chemists, 284
organic compounds, 284
pharmaceutical moieties, 284
pyrrolo[2,1‐a] isoquinolines, 285, 286
tertiary amines, 286, 287
uranyl nitrate hexahydrate, 288, 289
Photocatalytic CO 2 conversion, 534, 536
Photocatalytic conversion process
CO 2 , 580
conduction band energy, 580
photocatalytic reduction (see
Photocatalytic reduction, CO 2 )
photoconversion, 580
thermocatalytic process, 580
Photocatalytic reduction, CO 2
band gap energies, 583
catalyst modifications
metal and non-metal doping, 585
semiconductor coupling via z-scheme/
heterojunctions, 585–587
challenges, 589
charge carriers, 581
electrons, 581
fixed bed photoreactors, 588
fluidized and slurry bed reactors, 587, 588
mechanism, 583, 584
products, 581, 582
reduction pathway, 581
standard redox potential, 582
thermodynamics, 582, 583
Photolithography, 435
Physicochemical properties, 362
Physisorption effect, 489
Platinum, 388
PO production
O-O bond, 172
pathways for propylene oxidation, 173
selective propylene oxidation, 172
thermodynamics, 172
Pockets, 357
Polyaromatic compounds, 105
Poly-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAH), 232, 244
Polycarbonates (PCs), 618, 619
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), 302
Polydispersity index (PDI), 676
Polyethylene (PE), 675
application, 676
HDPE, 676
LDPE, 676
LLDPE, 676
MDPE, 676
moisture and chemical and electrical
resistance, 676
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs), 265, 279, 280
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC) hardware, 195
Polymeric ionic liquid−carbon black
(PIL−CB), 298
Polymerization
cyclopentene, 687
ethylene, 677
functional olefins (see Functionalizable
olefin monomer)
olefins, 677, 678
plastic material formation, 676
Polymerization mechanism
alkyl titanium complex, 678–679
hydrogen shift, 680
olefin, 678, 679
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), 654
Polynuclear aromatics (PNA), 94
Polyol, 166
Polyolefin, 678
Polyurethanes, 166
Pore cavities, 358
Pore size, 356, 357
Porous coordination polymers (PCP), 574
Post-combustion capture, 604
Post-combustion CO 2 capture methods,
644, 645
Potassium aluminate, 335, 336
Powdered Experimental catalyst Louisiana
(PECLA), 68
Pre-combustion CO 2 capture, 533
Pre-combustion CO 2 removal, 645
Premium hydrocarbon products, 66
Primitive catalytic cracking processes, 69
Process modelling, tri-reforming
carbon, 344
carbon formation, 345
catalyst improvement strategies, 347, 348
CO 2 conversion, 346
CO 2 fixation, 346, 347
equilibrium calculations, 344–345
H 2 /CO ratio, 345–347
H 2 O addition, 345, 346
Index
Photocatalytic C–H bond activations (cont.)
heterocyclic frameworks, 284
indoles and H 2 evolution, 287
intramolecular imine, 288, 289
iridium-catalysed visible-light-induced
synthesis, 286
nickel-catalysed photochemical C–H
arylation, 287
nitroalkanes, 285
non-activated alkenes, 288, 289
organic chemists, 284
organic compounds, 284
pharmaceutical moieties, 284
pyrrolo[2,1‐a] isoquinolines, 285, 286
tertiary amines, 286, 287
uranyl nitrate hexahydrate, 288, 289
Photocatalytic CO 2 conversion, 534, 536
Photocatalytic conversion process
CO 2 , 580
conduction band energy, 580
photocatalytic reduction (see
Photocatalytic reduction, CO 2 )
photoconversion, 580
thermocatalytic process, 580
Photocatalytic reduction, CO 2
band gap energies, 583
catalyst modifications
metal and non-metal doping, 585
semiconductor coupling via z-scheme/
heterojunctions, 585–587
challenges, 589
charge carriers, 581
electrons, 581
fixed bed photoreactors, 588
fluidized and slurry bed reactors, 587, 588
mechanism, 583, 584
products, 581, 582
reduction pathway, 581
standard redox potential, 582
thermodynamics, 582, 583
Photolithography, 435
Physicochemical properties, 362
Physisorption effect, 489
Platinum, 388
PO production
O-O bond, 172
pathways for propylene oxidation, 173
selective propylene oxidation, 172
thermodynamics, 172
Pockets, 357
Polyaromatic compounds, 105
Poly-aromatic-hydrocarbons (PAH), 232, 244
Polycarbonates (PCs), 618, 619
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), 302
Polydispersity index (PDI), 676
Polyethylene (PE), 675
application, 676
HDPE, 676
LDPE, 676
LLDPE, 676
MDPE, 676
moisture and chemical and electrical
resistance, 676
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs), 265, 279, 280
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC) hardware, 195
Polymeric ionic liquid−carbon black
(PIL−CB), 298
Polymerization
cyclopentene, 687
ethylene, 677
functional olefins (see Functionalizable
olefin monomer)
olefins, 677, 678
plastic material formation, 676
Polymerization mechanism
alkyl titanium complex, 678–679
hydrogen shift, 680
olefin, 678, 679
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), 654
Polynuclear aromatics (PNA), 94
Polyol, 166
Polyolefin, 678
Polyurethanes, 166
Pore cavities, 358
Pore size, 356, 357
Porous coordination polymers (PCP), 574
Post-combustion capture, 604
Post-combustion CO 2 capture methods,
644, 645
Potassium aluminate, 335, 336
Powdered Experimental catalyst Louisiana
(PECLA), 68
Pre-combustion CO 2 capture, 533
Pre-combustion CO 2 removal, 645
Premium hydrocarbon products, 66
Primitive catalytic cracking processes, 69
Process modelling, tri-reforming
carbon, 344
carbon formation, 345
catalyst improvement strategies, 347, 348
CO 2 conversion, 346
CO 2 fixation, 346, 347
equilibrium calculations, 344–345
H 2 /CO ratio, 345–347
H 2 O addition, 345, 346
Index