747
Oxygen, 467, 548, 549
Oxygenate-based blend stocks, 111
P
Packed bed membrane reactor (PBMR), 579
Palladium- and nickel-based catalyst systems
analogous, 690
aryl groups, 689
1,1-bisfunctional vinyl monomers, 690
cationic catalysts, 689
chloride-bridged dimers {[(N-N)PdMe]2μ- Cl}BAF, 689
copolymerization and mechanistic
step, 690
copper(II)-based catalyst systems, 688, 693
DMSO, 690, 692
electrophilicity, 689
NΛN-type ligands, 690–692
olefin polymerization, 689
phosphine-sulfonate-based catalyst,
689, 690
PΛO chelation-based system, 692
single-component catalyst systems, 690
Palladium catalysts, 217
See also 1,3-Butadiene
Palladium nanoparticle composite catalyst
(PS-3), 258
Partial oxidation (POX), 347
Partial oxidation of methane (POX), 320
Pd(II)/Mg–La system, 261
Pd/HBeta core–shell catalyst, 128
Pd@MOF nanocomposites, 262
PDH technology, 158
Pd-In bimetallic sites, 574
PEG-3400/t-BuOH, 280
PEG-400/H 2 O, 280
PEG-400/TFE, 280
PEI-impregnated MCM-41, 605
Peresters, 271, 272
Peroxides, 676
Petcoke gasification
activation energy, 404
benefits, 404
catalytic effects, 404
catalytic mechanism, 404
challenges, 411
chemical components, 405
CO 2 , 404
crude petroleum oil, 402
dual-bed system, 405
feedstocks, 404
grinding process, 404
IGCC, 405
industrial scale, 402
kinetic analysis, 410, 411
LTC, 405
MBG, 404
mechanochemical treatment, 404
non-isothermal thermogravimetric
analysis, 404
oxygen/carbon mass ratio, 405
peak gas temperature, 404
physical structures, 405
product syngas, 412
reactor configurations (see Reactor
configurations)
residence time, 405
sensitivity analysis, 405
slagging gasifier, 404
solid residue, 402
studies, 411
valuable products, 412
wet grinding, 404
XRD analysis, 404
Petrochemical feedstocks, 66, 355
Petrochemical industries, 354, 368, 389,
397, 398
Petrochemical processes, 392
Petrochemicals value chain, 122, 123
Petroleum, 707, 708
ancient marine organisms, 377
components, 378 (see also Crude oil)
crude oils, 378
hydrocarbons, 377
organic material, 377
reservoirs, 377, 378
Petroleum cokes, 383
entrained flow gasification, 407
Petroleum hydroprocessing, 3
See also Hydroprocessing
Petroleum products, 386
Phosphine-sulfonate-based catalyst, 689
Phosphonium-based DESs, 664, 665
Phosphorous, 37, 38
Photocatalysis, 591
Photocatalytic C–H bond activations
3-acylindoles, amines, 286, 287
alkylation/lactonization of alcohols,
288, 289
allylic and benzylic hydrocarbons,
288, 289
amino acid, 286
arenes, 288, 289
carbon–halogen bond, 286
continuous flow microreactor
technology, 290
diamines, 286
Index
Oxygen, 467, 548, 549
Oxygenate-based blend stocks, 111
P
Packed bed membrane reactor (PBMR), 579
Palladium- and nickel-based catalyst systems
analogous, 690
aryl groups, 689
1,1-bisfunctional vinyl monomers, 690
cationic catalysts, 689
chloride-bridged dimers {[(N-N)PdMe]2μ- Cl}BAF, 689
copolymerization and mechanistic
step, 690
copper(II)-based catalyst systems, 688, 693
DMSO, 690, 692
electrophilicity, 689
NΛN-type ligands, 690–692
olefin polymerization, 689
phosphine-sulfonate-based catalyst,
689, 690
PΛO chelation-based system, 692
single-component catalyst systems, 690
Palladium catalysts, 217
See also 1,3-Butadiene
Palladium nanoparticle composite catalyst
(PS-3), 258
Partial oxidation (POX), 347
Partial oxidation of methane (POX), 320
Pd(II)/Mg–La system, 261
Pd/HBeta core–shell catalyst, 128
Pd@MOF nanocomposites, 262
PDH technology, 158
Pd-In bimetallic sites, 574
PEG-3400/t-BuOH, 280
PEG-400/H 2 O, 280
PEG-400/TFE, 280
PEI-impregnated MCM-41, 605
Peresters, 271, 272
Peroxides, 676
Petcoke gasification
activation energy, 404
benefits, 404
catalytic effects, 404
catalytic mechanism, 404
challenges, 411
chemical components, 405
CO 2 , 404
crude petroleum oil, 402
dual-bed system, 405
feedstocks, 404
grinding process, 404
IGCC, 405
industrial scale, 402
kinetic analysis, 410, 411
LTC, 405
MBG, 404
mechanochemical treatment, 404
non-isothermal thermogravimetric
analysis, 404
oxygen/carbon mass ratio, 405
peak gas temperature, 404
physical structures, 405
product syngas, 412
reactor configurations (see Reactor
configurations)
residence time, 405
sensitivity analysis, 405
slagging gasifier, 404
solid residue, 402
studies, 411
valuable products, 412
wet grinding, 404
XRD analysis, 404
Petrochemical feedstocks, 66, 355
Petrochemical industries, 354, 368, 389,
397, 398
Petrochemical processes, 392
Petrochemicals value chain, 122, 123
Petroleum, 707, 708
ancient marine organisms, 377
components, 378 (see also Crude oil)
crude oils, 378
hydrocarbons, 377
organic material, 377
reservoirs, 377, 378
Petroleum cokes, 383
entrained flow gasification, 407
Petroleum hydroprocessing, 3
See also Hydroprocessing
Petroleum products, 386
Phosphine-sulfonate-based catalyst, 689
Phosphonium-based DESs, 664, 665
Phosphorous, 37, 38
Photocatalysis, 591
Photocatalytic C–H bond activations
3-acylindoles, amines, 286, 287
alkylation/lactonization of alcohols,
288, 289
allylic and benzylic hydrocarbons,
288, 289
amino acid, 286
arenes, 288, 289
carbon–halogen bond, 286
continuous flow microreactor
technology, 290
diamines, 286
Index