737
Entrained flow gasifier (EFG), 404, 407, 408
Entrained-flow petroleum coke
gasification, 407
Environmentally friendly solid catalysts,
115, 116
Equation of state (EOS), 564
Et 2 AlCl and EtAlCl 2 exhibited, 698
Ethane, 164
Ethene, 487
Ethoxydimethyl(vinyl)silane, 259
Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), 168–169
Ethylbenzene (EB) dehydrogenation, 130,
132–134, 141
Ethylbenzene hydroperoxide process (EBHP),
166, 168–170
Ethylene, 165, 675, 692
Ethylene polymerization, 700
Ethylene/propylene/diene copolymers
(EPDM), 695
Ethylene-cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), 695
Euro VI transportation fuel specifications, 110
Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), 44
Exelus process, 138, 139
Ex situ regeneration, 52
F
FCC catalyst, 390
additives, 71 (see also FCC catalyst
additives)
artificially crystallized zeolites, 81
binder, 84
carbocations, 95
carbonium ion, 95
catalytic cracking, 95
coke formation, 97–99
components, 81
cracking reactions, 95, 96
crystalline powder, 81
crystallization, 81
evolution, 71
filler, 84
hydrocarbon feed, 94
hydrogen transfer reactions, 99
isomerization reactions, 97
manufacture, 82
matrix, 82, 84
olefins, 95
resid process, 104, 105
undesired reactions, 99, 100
zeolites, 82
FCC catalyst additives
bottom-cracking, 93, 94
CO combustion promoter, 85, 86
constraints, 85
GSR, 91, 92
hydrocarbon feeds, 84
metal passivators, 89, 90
NO x reduction additives, 86, 87
SO x -reduction additives, 87, 88
ZSM-5, 90, 91, 93
FCC light cycle oil (LCO), 5
FCC process
additives, 67
catalyst deactivation, 79, 81
catalyst separation, 77
coke, 70
coke formation, 79, 81
design, 70
destructive distillation, crude, 67
feed selection, 73, 75
fractionation, 77–79
free flow of catalyst, 72
gasoline, 67, 72, 73
heat energy, 72
heavier cuts, 72
heavy gas oils, 72
Houdry process, 67, 68
hydrocarbon products, 72
hydrocarbon separation, 72
ion-exchanged zeolites, 70
LCO, 72
location, 73
modes of operations, 74
modified catalytic cracking
processes, 78, 79
motor gasoline, 67
PCLA1, 68, 70
PCLA2, 70
pretreatment, 73, 75
primitive catalytic cracking
processes, 69
reactor–regenerator configurations, 69
reactor–stripper–regenerator
section, 75, 76
regenerator section, 72
separation processes, 73
TCC, 68
technologies, 70
temperature, 72
thermal cracking, 67
up-flow reactor–regenerator, 68
zeolites, 69
ZSM-5, 71
Fe-Co bimetallic catalyst, 484, 493
Feedstocks, 49, 57, 74, 381, 402
Fermented wastes “molasses”, 416
Filler, 84
Index
Entrained flow gasifier (EFG), 404, 407, 408
Entrained-flow petroleum coke
gasification, 407
Environmentally friendly solid catalysts,
115, 116
Equation of state (EOS), 564
Et 2 AlCl and EtAlCl 2 exhibited, 698
Ethane, 164
Ethene, 487
Ethoxydimethyl(vinyl)silane, 259
Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), 168–169
Ethylbenzene (EB) dehydrogenation, 130,
132–134, 141
Ethylbenzene hydroperoxide process (EBHP),
166, 168–170
Ethylene, 165, 675, 692
Ethylene polymerization, 700
Ethylene/propylene/diene copolymers
(EPDM), 695
Ethylene-cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), 695
Euro VI transportation fuel specifications, 110
Evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA), 44
Exelus process, 138, 139
Ex situ regeneration, 52
F
FCC catalyst, 390
additives, 71 (see also FCC catalyst
additives)
artificially crystallized zeolites, 81
binder, 84
carbocations, 95
carbonium ion, 95
catalytic cracking, 95
coke formation, 97–99
components, 81
cracking reactions, 95, 96
crystalline powder, 81
crystallization, 81
evolution, 71
filler, 84
hydrocarbon feed, 94
hydrogen transfer reactions, 99
isomerization reactions, 97
manufacture, 82
matrix, 82, 84
olefins, 95
resid process, 104, 105
undesired reactions, 99, 100
zeolites, 82
FCC catalyst additives
bottom-cracking, 93, 94
CO combustion promoter, 85, 86
constraints, 85
GSR, 91, 92
hydrocarbon feeds, 84
metal passivators, 89, 90
NO x reduction additives, 86, 87
SO x -reduction additives, 87, 88
ZSM-5, 90, 91, 93
FCC light cycle oil (LCO), 5
FCC process
additives, 67
catalyst deactivation, 79, 81
catalyst separation, 77
coke, 70
coke formation, 79, 81
design, 70
destructive distillation, crude, 67
feed selection, 73, 75
fractionation, 77–79
free flow of catalyst, 72
gasoline, 67, 72, 73
heat energy, 72
heavier cuts, 72
heavy gas oils, 72
Houdry process, 67, 68
hydrocarbon products, 72
hydrocarbon separation, 72
ion-exchanged zeolites, 70
LCO, 72
location, 73
modes of operations, 74
modified catalytic cracking
processes, 78, 79
motor gasoline, 67
PCLA1, 68, 70
PCLA2, 70
pretreatment, 73, 75
primitive catalytic cracking
processes, 69
reactor–regenerator configurations, 69
reactor–stripper–regenerator
section, 75, 76
regenerator section, 72
separation processes, 73
TCC, 68
technologies, 70
temperature, 72
thermal cracking, 67
up-flow reactor–regenerator, 68
zeolites, 69
ZSM-5, 71
Fe-Co bimetallic catalyst, 484, 493
Feedstocks, 49, 57, 74, 381, 402
Fermented wastes “molasses”, 416
Filler, 84
Index