735
Co-Ni-Mo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, 56
Contaminant coke, 98
Continuous flow microreactor technology, 290
Conventional alumina-supported
catalysts, 20, 24
Conventional FCC unit, 72
Conventional internal combustion engine, 416
Conventionally acrylic acid, 182
Conventional solvents, 265
Coordinately unsaturated (CUS) sites, 11
Copper-based catalysts, 565
Copper(II)-based catalyst systems, 688, 693
Co-precipitation, 422
Co-produced styrene, 168
Co–Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, 476
CoRu-KIT-6, 450
Covestro in Germany, 610
Cp*Co(III) catalyst, 268
Cp 2 MX 2 -AlR 3 systems, 681
Cracking, 379, 384
process, 76
reactions, 95, 96
Creaming, 719
Cross-draft gasifiers, 407
Crude oil, 708
analytical methods, 382
API and specific gravity (S g ), 710
aromatics, 709
asphaltenes, 709
characterization, 710
classification, 378, 710
composition, 709
desalting process, 382
distillation, 378, 379
dynamic market demands, 380
earth’s crust, 708
electrical conductivity, 711
elemental compositions, 709
governmental policies and regulations, 380
HC, 378
hydrogenate aromatic rings, 386
IFT, 711
petroleum, 378
physical and chemical methods, 378
refining processes (see Refining processes)
resins, 709
salt removal, 382
salts, 708
SARA classes, 709
SARA-separation scheme, 710
saturates, 709
separation processes, 378
stability, 709
viscosity, 711
Crude oil fractions, 382
Crude oil-water emulsion, 711
See also Water-in-crude oil emulsion
Crude petroleum oil, 402
Cryogenic distillation, 397
Crystalline polymers, 397
Crystallinity, 359
Crystallization, 81
Crystal morphology, 361
Crystal size, 360–362
Cs-X zeolite, 136, 137
Cu-based methanol catalysts, 572
“Cumene PO-only” process, 170
Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, 573
Cu-ZnO catalyst, 571
Cyanation, 260
Cyclic diamine additive, 647
Cyclic hydrocarbons, 90, 103
Cyclohexyl benzene (CHB), 112, 122–129, 140
D
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
(DICP), 161
Deactivation mechanisms, 546
Decant oil (DO), 78
Deep catalytic cracking (DCC), 155
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
asymmetric ions, 657
ChCl, 657
CO 2 capture
ChCl:glycol-based DESs, CO 2
solubility, 662
CO 2 solubility, ammonium-based
DESs, 661
green solvent, 661
HBDs, OH moiety, 662, 663
NH moiety, HBDs, 663, 664
phosphonium-based DESs, CO 2
solubility, 664, 665
task-specific DESs, 664
HBA, 657, 658
HBD, 657, 658
ILs, 657
physicochemical properties
density, 660
HBD/HBA, 659
ILs, 658, 659
phase behavior, 659
thermal stability, 661
toxicity, 661
viscosity, 660
volatility, 660
reline synthesis, 658
Index
Co-Ni-Mo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, 56
Contaminant coke, 98
Continuous flow microreactor technology, 290
Conventional alumina-supported
catalysts, 20, 24
Conventional FCC unit, 72
Conventional internal combustion engine, 416
Conventionally acrylic acid, 182
Conventional solvents, 265
Coordinately unsaturated (CUS) sites, 11
Copper-based catalysts, 565
Copper(II)-based catalyst systems, 688, 693
Co-precipitation, 422
Co-produced styrene, 168
Co–Ru/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, 476
CoRu-KIT-6, 450
Covestro in Germany, 610
Cp*Co(III) catalyst, 268
Cp 2 MX 2 -AlR 3 systems, 681
Cracking, 379, 384
process, 76
reactions, 95, 96
Creaming, 719
Cross-draft gasifiers, 407
Crude oil, 708
analytical methods, 382
API and specific gravity (S g ), 710
aromatics, 709
asphaltenes, 709
characterization, 710
classification, 378, 710
composition, 709
desalting process, 382
distillation, 378, 379
dynamic market demands, 380
earth’s crust, 708
electrical conductivity, 711
elemental compositions, 709
governmental policies and regulations, 380
HC, 378
hydrogenate aromatic rings, 386
IFT, 711
petroleum, 378
physical and chemical methods, 378
refining processes (see Refining processes)
resins, 709
salt removal, 382
salts, 708
SARA classes, 709
SARA-separation scheme, 710
saturates, 709
separation processes, 378
stability, 709
viscosity, 711
Crude oil fractions, 382
Crude oil-water emulsion, 711
See also Water-in-crude oil emulsion
Crude petroleum oil, 402
Cryogenic distillation, 397
Crystalline polymers, 397
Crystallinity, 359
Crystallization, 81
Crystal morphology, 361
Crystal size, 360–362
Cs-X zeolite, 136, 137
Cu-based methanol catalysts, 572
“Cumene PO-only” process, 170
Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, 573
Cu-ZnO catalyst, 571
Cyanation, 260
Cyclic diamine additive, 647
Cyclic hydrocarbons, 90, 103
Cyclohexyl benzene (CHB), 112, 122–129, 140
D
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
(DICP), 161
Deactivation mechanisms, 546
Decant oil (DO), 78
Deep catalytic cracking (DCC), 155
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
asymmetric ions, 657
ChCl, 657
CO 2 capture
ChCl:glycol-based DESs, CO 2
solubility, 662
CO 2 solubility, ammonium-based
DESs, 661
green solvent, 661
HBDs, OH moiety, 662, 663
NH moiety, HBDs, 663, 664
phosphonium-based DESs, CO 2
solubility, 664, 665
task-specific DESs, 664
HBA, 657, 658
HBD, 657, 658
ILs, 657
physicochemical properties
density, 660
HBD/HBA, 659
ILs, 658, 659
phase behavior, 659
thermal stability, 661
toxicity, 661
viscosity, 660
volatility, 660
reline synthesis, 658
Index