734
CO 2 capture
air, 531, 533
amine-based solvents (see Amine-based
solvents, CO 2 capture)
CCS, 644
DESs (see Deep eutectic solvents (DESs))
enhanced oil recovery, 644
ILs (see Ionic liquids (ILs))
industrial point source, 533
oxy-fuel combustion, 645, 646
post-combustion, 644, 645
pre-combustion, 645
scale, 531
CO 2 conversion, 519, 520
algae-based processes, 536
by-product water, 536
CAMERE process, 536
catalyst stability, 537
catalysts synthesis
aerosol synthesis method, 541–543
wet synthesis method, 540, 541
catalytic conversion, 536
CH 4 , 538
Dryref
TM
, 538
ethylene carbonate, 537
gas phase reactions, 538
heterogeneous catalysts, 539
hydrogen production via electrolysis/
reforming processes, 536
industrial-scale, 536, 537
photocatalytic, 536
polycarbonate, 537
reforming of methane, 537
reforming processes, 538
renewable energy, 537
synthesis gas, 537, 538
TriFTS
TM
, 538
value products, 537, 538
CO 2 conversion analysis, 346
CO 2 emissions, 320, 558
carbon dioxide utilization, 536
climate changes, 644
energy demand, 644
fossil fuels, 644
global warming, 644
greenhouse effect, 528
industrial sources, 533
industries, 644
sources, 530, 531
CO 2 reforming in space, 547–550
CO 2 reforming reactions, 539
CO 2 -rich solvent, 647
CO 2 solubility
alkanolamine, 653
amine, 656
ammonium-based DESs, 661
ammonium:3LA-based DESs, 664
aqueous amine solution vs. ILs, 657
ChCl-based DESs, 663
ChCl:glycol-based DESs, 662
ChCl:levulinic-based DESs, 662
and DESs, 661, 665
HBA, 663
IL-amine blends, 652, 653, 655, 656
phosphonium-based DESs, 664, 665
PILs, 654
piperazine, 656
RTIL, 652
CO 2 technologies
biopolymers, 610
hydrocarbon, 609–611
methanol, 610
polycarbonate, 608, 610
Coal, 165, 402
Coalescence, 719
Coal-fired thermal power plants, 402
Coal gasification, 402
Coal-to-olefins (CTO), 161
Cobalt, 57
Cobalt-based bimetallic silica mesoporous
catalyst, 447, 448, 450, 452
Cobalt-based catalysts, 461, 475, 476, 494
Co-catalysed C–H activation, 300
CO-insertion mechanism, 432
Coke, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 85, 323
Coke deposition, 49
Coke formation, 97–99, 323
Coke-laden catalyst, 87
Coke-selective catalysts, 98
Coke yield, 98
Coking, 379, 383, 416, 537
Cold recycle hydrogen, 5
Combined dry and steam reforming
(CDSR), 347
Commercial HDT/HDS catalysts, 59, 60
Commercial MTO/MTP process, 163, 164
Commercial propylene oxidation
processes, 168
Commercial propylene production, 162–165
Commercial technologies, 161, 196
Co-Mo catalyst, 55
CoMo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, 7, 14, 16, 17,
21, 24, 57
CoMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts, 40
CoMo-based HDT catalyst, 40
CoMoS/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, 58
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model,
438, 442
Index
CO 2 capture
air, 531, 533
amine-based solvents (see Amine-based
solvents, CO 2 capture)
CCS, 644
DESs (see Deep eutectic solvents (DESs))
enhanced oil recovery, 644
ILs (see Ionic liquids (ILs))
industrial point source, 533
oxy-fuel combustion, 645, 646
post-combustion, 644, 645
pre-combustion, 645
scale, 531
CO 2 conversion, 519, 520
algae-based processes, 536
by-product water, 536
CAMERE process, 536
catalyst stability, 537
catalysts synthesis
aerosol synthesis method, 541–543
wet synthesis method, 540, 541
catalytic conversion, 536
CH 4 , 538
Dryref
TM
, 538
ethylene carbonate, 537
gas phase reactions, 538
heterogeneous catalysts, 539
hydrogen production via electrolysis/
reforming processes, 536
industrial-scale, 536, 537
photocatalytic, 536
polycarbonate, 537
reforming of methane, 537
reforming processes, 538
renewable energy, 537
synthesis gas, 537, 538
TriFTS
TM
, 538
value products, 537, 538
CO 2 conversion analysis, 346
CO 2 emissions, 320, 558
carbon dioxide utilization, 536
climate changes, 644
energy demand, 644
fossil fuels, 644
global warming, 644
greenhouse effect, 528
industrial sources, 533
industries, 644
sources, 530, 531
CO 2 reforming in space, 547–550
CO 2 reforming reactions, 539
CO 2 -rich solvent, 647
CO 2 solubility
alkanolamine, 653
amine, 656
ammonium-based DESs, 661
ammonium:3LA-based DESs, 664
aqueous amine solution vs. ILs, 657
ChCl-based DESs, 663
ChCl:glycol-based DESs, 662
ChCl:levulinic-based DESs, 662
and DESs, 661, 665
HBA, 663
IL-amine blends, 652, 653, 655, 656
phosphonium-based DESs, 664, 665
PILs, 654
piperazine, 656
RTIL, 652
CO 2 technologies
biopolymers, 610
hydrocarbon, 609–611
methanol, 610
polycarbonate, 608, 610
Coal, 165, 402
Coalescence, 719
Coal-fired thermal power plants, 402
Coal gasification, 402
Coal-to-olefins (CTO), 161
Cobalt, 57
Cobalt-based bimetallic silica mesoporous
catalyst, 447, 448, 450, 452
Cobalt-based catalysts, 461, 475, 476, 494
Co-catalysed C–H activation, 300
CO-insertion mechanism, 432
Coke, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 85, 323
Coke deposition, 49
Coke formation, 97–99, 323
Coke-laden catalyst, 87
Coke-selective catalysts, 98
Coke yield, 98
Coking, 379, 383, 416, 537
Cold recycle hydrogen, 5
Combined dry and steam reforming
(CDSR), 347
Commercial HDT/HDS catalysts, 59, 60
Commercial MTO/MTP process, 163, 164
Commercial propylene oxidation
processes, 168
Commercial propylene production, 162–165
Commercial technologies, 161, 196
Co-Mo catalyst, 55
CoMo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, 7, 14, 16, 17,
21, 24, 57
CoMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts, 40
CoMo-based HDT catalyst, 40
CoMoS/Al 2 O 3 catalyst, 58
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model,
438, 442
Index