733
hydrotreating catalysts, 47
industrial applications, 47
lighter hydrocarbon fractions, 48
metals, 49, 50
nano MoS 2 , 51
petroleum fractions, 48
physicochemical properties, 51
process conditions, 48
sintering and segregation, active metals, 51
sulfur removal, HDT/HDS operations, 47
temperatures, 48, 50
Catalyst preparation methods
active metals, 41
alumina hollow microspheres, 44
chelating agents, 41, 42
citric acid, 44
Co 2 Mo 10 - and CoMo 6 -based hetropoly
compounds, 45
colloidal synthesis, 44
conventional wet impregnation method,
DBT, 44, 45
CVD, 43
ELISA, 44
hydrothermal deposition method, 45
impregnation techniques, 41
incipient wetness impregnation, 43
ligands, 44
mesoporous alumina, 43
mesoporous γ-Al 2 O 3 support material, 43
metal components, 41
organic additives, 42, 43
post-treatment method, 44
PVP-assisted synthesis, 43
quinolone, 44
support material, 45
temperature, 43
wetness co-impregnation method, 44
Catalyst pretreatment, 126
Catalyst regeneration, 51–54
Catalyst separation, 77
Catalyst stability, 55
Catalyst support
CoMo-based, 20
γ-alumina, 7
HDS for 4,6-DMDBT, 20
HDT, 8
support materials, 2
Catalyst synthesis, 359
Catalysts system, 195
Catalyst-to-oil coke, 98
Catalytic cok, 98
Catalytic conversion of CO 2 , 535
Catalytic cracking, 95, 384, 385
Catalytic hydrocracking, 384, 385
Catalytic hydrodesulphurization, 388
Catalytic hydrogenation, 206, 209, 212
Catalytic reforming, 388, 389
Catofin PDH technology, 159
Cavities, 358
C-C bond formation, 367
CeO 2 -ZrO 2 support, 339
Ceria, 337
C–H activation
challenges, 256
economical synthetic protocol, 255
green chemistry, 255
green solvents (see Green solvents, C–H
activation)
heterogeneous catalysis (see
Heterogeneous catalysis)
homogeneous reusable media
(see Homogeneous reusable media)
oxidizing directing groups (see Internal
oxidizing directing groups)
C–H acylation, 260
C–H arylation, 258, 259
C–H cyanation, 260
C–H halogenation, 262, 263
C–H nitrogenation, 261
C–H oxygenation, 260, 261
CHB synthesis, 125
CHB value chain, 124
Chelated V(III) complexes,
696, 697
Chelating agents, 42
Chemical-grade propylene, 152
Chemical species, 364, 367, 368
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 43
Chiral-site stereocontrol, 687
Chloride-bridged dimers {[(N-N)PdMe]2μ- Cl}BAF, 689
Chlorohydrin (CL) process, 166
Choline chloride (ChCl), 657
Chromophore labeling technique, 701
Circulating fluidized bed (CFB)
gasifier, 409
Citric acid, 47
14C-labeled alcohol, 467
Clarified oils (CLO), 72, 74, 78
Clean-efficient energy carrier, 416
Climate challenges, 528, 529
Climate changes, 254, 644
CO activation, 470, 475, 484
CO adsorption, 433
CO combustion promoter, 85, 86
CO consumption, 484
CO hydrogenation, 566–568
CO insertion mechanism, 467, 469, 492, 493
Index
hydrotreating catalysts, 47
industrial applications, 47
lighter hydrocarbon fractions, 48
metals, 49, 50
nano MoS 2 , 51
petroleum fractions, 48
physicochemical properties, 51
process conditions, 48
sintering and segregation, active metals, 51
sulfur removal, HDT/HDS operations, 47
temperatures, 48, 50
Catalyst preparation methods
active metals, 41
alumina hollow microspheres, 44
chelating agents, 41, 42
citric acid, 44
Co 2 Mo 10 - and CoMo 6 -based hetropoly
compounds, 45
colloidal synthesis, 44
conventional wet impregnation method,
DBT, 44, 45
CVD, 43
ELISA, 44
hydrothermal deposition method, 45
impregnation techniques, 41
incipient wetness impregnation, 43
ligands, 44
mesoporous alumina, 43
mesoporous γ-Al 2 O 3 support material, 43
metal components, 41
organic additives, 42, 43
post-treatment method, 44
PVP-assisted synthesis, 43
quinolone, 44
support material, 45
temperature, 43
wetness co-impregnation method, 44
Catalyst pretreatment, 126
Catalyst regeneration, 51–54
Catalyst separation, 77
Catalyst stability, 55
Catalyst support
CoMo-based, 20
γ-alumina, 7
HDS for 4,6-DMDBT, 20
HDT, 8
support materials, 2
Catalyst synthesis, 359
Catalysts system, 195
Catalyst-to-oil coke, 98
Catalytic cok, 98
Catalytic conversion of CO 2 , 535
Catalytic cracking, 95, 384, 385
Catalytic hydrocracking, 384, 385
Catalytic hydrodesulphurization, 388
Catalytic hydrogenation, 206, 209, 212
Catalytic reforming, 388, 389
Catofin PDH technology, 159
Cavities, 358
C-C bond formation, 367
CeO 2 -ZrO 2 support, 339
Ceria, 337
C–H activation
challenges, 256
economical synthetic protocol, 255
green chemistry, 255
green solvents (see Green solvents, C–H
activation)
heterogeneous catalysis (see
Heterogeneous catalysis)
homogeneous reusable media
(see Homogeneous reusable media)
oxidizing directing groups (see Internal
oxidizing directing groups)
C–H acylation, 260
C–H arylation, 258, 259
C–H cyanation, 260
C–H halogenation, 262, 263
C–H nitrogenation, 261
C–H oxygenation, 260, 261
CHB synthesis, 125
CHB value chain, 124
Chelated V(III) complexes,
696, 697
Chelating agents, 42
Chemical-grade propylene, 152
Chemical species, 364, 367, 368
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 43
Chiral-site stereocontrol, 687
Chloride-bridged dimers {[(N-N)PdMe]2μ- Cl}BAF, 689
Chlorohydrin (CL) process, 166
Choline chloride (ChCl), 657
Chromophore labeling technique, 701
Circulating fluidized bed (CFB)
gasifier, 409
Citric acid, 47
14C-labeled alcohol, 467
Clarified oils (CLO), 72, 74, 78
Clean-efficient energy carrier, 416
Climate challenges, 528, 529
Climate changes, 254, 644
CO activation, 470, 475, 484
CO adsorption, 433
CO combustion promoter, 85, 86
CO consumption, 484
CO hydrogenation, 566–568
CO insertion mechanism, 467, 469, 492, 493
Index