730
Additives/modifiers (cont.)
olefin isomerization, 40
optimal loading, 37
P addition, 40
phosphorous, 37, 38
trimetallic NiMoW catalysts, 40
Adiabatic reactors
indirect cooled reactors, 577
methanol synthesis, 576
quench, 577
Adsorbents, 606
Adspecies, 221
Aerosol synthesis methods
advantage, 541
catalyst morphology, 542
catalyst performance, 543
flame synthesis, 541, 543, 544
FSP, 542
liquid-fed flame synthesis, 542
particle formation mechanism, 541, 542
solid catalyst particles, 541
AgOPiv and Co(OAc) 2 , 280
Air, 531, 533
AirCarbon, 610
Air-fuel ratio, 402
Al-based co-catalyst, 699
Alkali additives, 220
Alkali metals, 566
Alkaline promoters, 337
Alkaline solution-based technologies, 608
Alkanolamines, 646
Alkenyl mechanism, 465, 466
Alkoxide, 116
AlkyClean™ process, 119
Alkyl aluminum, 678
Alkylates, 111, 112
Alkylation, 112, 379, 388
Alkyl chloride-doped C 4 alkylation, 116
Alkylidene species, 464
Alkyl mechanism, 464, 465
Alkyl substituted dibenzothiophenes, 18
Alkyl theory, 463
Alleviate coking, Ni/MgAl 2 O 4 catalyst
add basic component, 333, 335
alkaline promoters, 337
amorphous carbon, 337
carbon deposition, 338
catalyst composition, 333
Ce, 338
ceria, 337
Co, 338
lanthanides, 338
potassium aluminate, 335, 336
ruthenium catalyst, 337
trace additives, 337
zirconia, 337
Alliance, 155
Allylic and benzylic hydrocarbons, 288
Alternate process, 135, 136
γ-Alumina, 7, 11
Alumina-supported nickel catalysts
possess, 335
Alumina source, 513
Aluminum alkyl, 678
Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 )-based
catalyst, 115
American Petroleum Institute (API)
gravity, 710
Amidinate-based V(V)Cl 2 complexes, 699
Amine-based solvents, CO 2 capture
alkanolamines, 646, 648
carbon footprint, 648
environmental hazards, 648
green solvents, 648, 649
industrial process, 646, 647
organic solvents, 648
process, 648
reaction mechanism, 646, 647
Amine-based technologies, 605
Amine-impregnated materials, 605
Amines, 506
Amino acid-based functional ILs, 653
Ammonium-based DESs, 661
8-Aminoquinolines, 282
Ancient marine organisms, 377
Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) model, 432,
485, 486
Antimonate-based commercial catalyst, 177
Antimony, 90
Arco chemical, 161
Arenes, 288, 289
Arlman and Cossee theory, 680
Aromatic alkylation
acidic catalyst, 121
benzene alkylation to CHB, 123
benzene hydroalkylation, 125, 126 (see
also Benzene hydroalkylation)
Brönsted acids, 123
CHB, 123, 124
synthesis, 125
value chain, 124
Hock process, 124
Lewis acids, 123
petrochemicals’ value chain, 122, 123
phenol synthesis, 124, 125
products, 122
refiners, 122
ring alkylation, aromatic compounds, 122
Index
Additives/modifiers (cont.)
olefin isomerization, 40
optimal loading, 37
P addition, 40
phosphorous, 37, 38
trimetallic NiMoW catalysts, 40
Adiabatic reactors
indirect cooled reactors, 577
methanol synthesis, 576
quench, 577
Adsorbents, 606
Adspecies, 221
Aerosol synthesis methods
advantage, 541
catalyst morphology, 542
catalyst performance, 543
flame synthesis, 541, 543, 544
FSP, 542
liquid-fed flame synthesis, 542
particle formation mechanism, 541, 542
solid catalyst particles, 541
AgOPiv and Co(OAc) 2 , 280
Air, 531, 533
AirCarbon, 610
Air-fuel ratio, 402
Al-based co-catalyst, 699
Alkali additives, 220
Alkali metals, 566
Alkaline promoters, 337
Alkaline solution-based technologies, 608
Alkanolamines, 646
Alkenyl mechanism, 465, 466
Alkoxide, 116
AlkyClean™ process, 119
Alkyl aluminum, 678
Alkylates, 111, 112
Alkylation, 112, 379, 388
Alkyl chloride-doped C 4 alkylation, 116
Alkylidene species, 464
Alkyl mechanism, 464, 465
Alkyl substituted dibenzothiophenes, 18
Alkyl theory, 463
Alleviate coking, Ni/MgAl 2 O 4 catalyst
add basic component, 333, 335
alkaline promoters, 337
amorphous carbon, 337
carbon deposition, 338
catalyst composition, 333
Ce, 338
ceria, 337
Co, 338
lanthanides, 338
potassium aluminate, 335, 336
ruthenium catalyst, 337
trace additives, 337
zirconia, 337
Alliance, 155
Allylic and benzylic hydrocarbons, 288
Alternate process, 135, 136
γ-Alumina, 7, 11
Alumina-supported nickel catalysts
possess, 335
Alumina source, 513
Aluminum alkyl, 678
Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 )-based
catalyst, 115
American Petroleum Institute (API)
gravity, 710
Amidinate-based V(V)Cl 2 complexes, 699
Amine-based solvents, CO 2 capture
alkanolamines, 646, 648
carbon footprint, 648
environmental hazards, 648
green solvents, 648, 649
industrial process, 646, 647
organic solvents, 648
process, 648
reaction mechanism, 646, 647
Amine-based technologies, 605
Amine-impregnated materials, 605
Amines, 506
Amino acid-based functional ILs, 653
Ammonium-based DESs, 661
8-Aminoquinolines, 282
Ancient marine organisms, 377
Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) model, 432,
485, 486
Antimonate-based commercial catalyst, 177
Antimony, 90
Arco chemical, 161
Arenes, 288, 289
Arlman and Cossee theory, 680
Aromatic alkylation
acidic catalyst, 121
benzene alkylation to CHB, 123
benzene hydroalkylation, 125, 126 (see
also Benzene hydroalkylation)
Brönsted acids, 123
CHB, 123, 124
synthesis, 125
value chain, 124
Hock process, 124
Lewis acids, 123
petrochemicals’ value chain, 122, 123
phenol synthesis, 124, 125
products, 122
refiners, 122
ring alkylation, aromatic compounds, 122
Index