640
140. Barnard JH, Wang C, Berry NG, Xiao JL (2013) Long-range metal-ligand bifunctional catalysis: cyclometallated iridium catalysts for the mild and rapid dehydrogenation of formic acid.
Chem Sci 4:1234–1244
141. Inoue Y, Izumida H, Sasaki Y, Hashimoto H (1976) Catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide to
formic acid by transition-metal complexes under mild conditions. Chem Lett 863-864
142. Gassner F, Leitner W (1993) CO 2 Activation 3. Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic
acid using water-soluble rhodium catalysts. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 19:1465–1466
143. Hayashi H, Ogo S, Fukuzumi S (2004) Aqueous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide catalysed by
water-soluble ruthenium aqua complexes under acidic conditions. Chem Commun:2714–2715
144. Moret S, Dyson PJ, Laurenczy G (2014) Direct synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide
by hydrogenation in acidic media. Nat Commun 5:4017
145. Rohmann K, Kothe J, Haenel MW, Englert U, Hçlscher M, Leitner W (2016) Hydrogenation
of CO 2 to formic acid with a highly active ruthenium acriphos complex in DMSO and DMSO/
Water. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:8966–8969
146. Jeletic MS, Mock MT, Appel AM, Linehan JC (2013) A cobalt-based catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO 2 under ambient conditions. J Am Chem Soc 135:11533–11536
147. Zall CM, Linehan JC, Appel AM (2015) A molecular copper catalyst for hydrogenation of
CO 2 to formate. ACS Catal 5:5301–5305
148. Eckenhoff WT, Garrity ST, Pintauer T (2008) Highly efficient copper-mediated atom-transfer
radical addition (ATRA) in the presence of reducing agent. Eur J Inorg Chem 4:620–627
149. Himeda Y, Onozawa-Komatsuzaki N, Sugihara H, Kasuga K (2007) Simultaneous tuning
of activity and water solubility of complex catalysts by acid–base equilibrium of ligands for
conversion of carbon dioxide. Organometallics 26:702–712
150. Federsel C, Jackstell R, Beller M (2010) State-of-the-art catalysts for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:6254–6257
151. Schmeier TJ, Dobereiner GE, Crabtree RH, Hazari N (2011) Secondary coordination sphere
interactions facilitate the insertion step in an iridium(III) CO 2 reduction catalyst. J Am Chem
Soc 133:9274–9277
152. Ahn ST, Bielinski EA, Lane EM, Chen Y, Bernskoetter WH, Hazari N, Palmore GTR (2015)
Enhanced CO 2 electroreduction efficiency through secondary coordination effects on a pincer
iridium catalyst. Chem Commun 51:5947–5950
153. Sanz S, Benitez M, Peris E (2010) A new approach to the reduction of carbon dioxide: CO 2
reduction to formate by transfer hydrogenation in iPrOH. Organometallics 29:275–277
154. Azua A, Sanz S, Peris E (2011) Water-soluble Ir(III) N-heterocyclic carbene based catalysts
for the reduction of CO 2 to formate by transfer hydrogenation and the deuteration of aryl
amines in water. Chemistry 17:3963–3967
155. Jones JH (2000) The Cativa™ process for the manufacture of acetic acid. Platin Met Rev
44:94–105
156. Huang W, Xie KC, Wang JP, Gao ZH, Yin LH, Zhu QM (2001) Possibility of direct conversion of CH 4 and CO 2 to high-value products. J Catal 201:100–104
157. Wu JF, Yu SM, Wang WD, Fan YX, Bai S, Zhang CW, Gao Q, Huang J, Wang W (2013)
Mechanistic insight into the formation of acetic acid from the direct conversion of methane
and carbon dioxide on zinc-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite. J Am Chem Soc 135:13567–13573
158. Fukuoka A, Gotoh N, Kobayashi N, Hirano M, Komiya S (1995) Homogeneous bimetallic
catalysts for production of carboxylic acids from carbon dioxide, hydrogenation, and organic
iodides. Chem Lett 24:567–568
159. Qian Q, Zhang J, Cui M, Han B (2016) Synthesis of acetic acid via methanol hydrocarboxylation with CO 2 and H 2 . Nat Commun 7:11481
160. Wang X, Wang H, Sun Y (2017) Synthesis of acrylic acid derivatives from CO 2 and ethylene.
Chemistry 2:211–228
161. Limbach M (2015) Chapter Four: Acrylates from alkenes and CO 2 , the stuff that dreams are
made of. In: Pérez PJ (ed) Advances in organometallic chemistry. Academic Press, New York,
NY, pp 175–202
R. Arunachalam et al.
140. Barnard JH, Wang C, Berry NG, Xiao JL (2013) Long-range metal-ligand bifunctional catalysis: cyclometallated iridium catalysts for the mild and rapid dehydrogenation of formic acid.
Chem Sci 4:1234–1244
141. Inoue Y, Izumida H, Sasaki Y, Hashimoto H (1976) Catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide to
formic acid by transition-metal complexes under mild conditions. Chem Lett 863-864
142. Gassner F, Leitner W (1993) CO 2 Activation 3. Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic
acid using water-soluble rhodium catalysts. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 19:1465–1466
143. Hayashi H, Ogo S, Fukuzumi S (2004) Aqueous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide catalysed by
water-soluble ruthenium aqua complexes under acidic conditions. Chem Commun:2714–2715
144. Moret S, Dyson PJ, Laurenczy G (2014) Direct synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide
by hydrogenation in acidic media. Nat Commun 5:4017
145. Rohmann K, Kothe J, Haenel MW, Englert U, Hçlscher M, Leitner W (2016) Hydrogenation
of CO 2 to formic acid with a highly active ruthenium acriphos complex in DMSO and DMSO/
Water. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:8966–8969
146. Jeletic MS, Mock MT, Appel AM, Linehan JC (2013) A cobalt-based catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO 2 under ambient conditions. J Am Chem Soc 135:11533–11536
147. Zall CM, Linehan JC, Appel AM (2015) A molecular copper catalyst for hydrogenation of
CO 2 to formate. ACS Catal 5:5301–5305
148. Eckenhoff WT, Garrity ST, Pintauer T (2008) Highly efficient copper-mediated atom-transfer
radical addition (ATRA) in the presence of reducing agent. Eur J Inorg Chem 4:620–627
149. Himeda Y, Onozawa-Komatsuzaki N, Sugihara H, Kasuga K (2007) Simultaneous tuning
of activity and water solubility of complex catalysts by acid–base equilibrium of ligands for
conversion of carbon dioxide. Organometallics 26:702–712
150. Federsel C, Jackstell R, Beller M (2010) State-of-the-art catalysts for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:6254–6257
151. Schmeier TJ, Dobereiner GE, Crabtree RH, Hazari N (2011) Secondary coordination sphere
interactions facilitate the insertion step in an iridium(III) CO 2 reduction catalyst. J Am Chem
Soc 133:9274–9277
152. Ahn ST, Bielinski EA, Lane EM, Chen Y, Bernskoetter WH, Hazari N, Palmore GTR (2015)
Enhanced CO 2 electroreduction efficiency through secondary coordination effects on a pincer
iridium catalyst. Chem Commun 51:5947–5950
153. Sanz S, Benitez M, Peris E (2010) A new approach to the reduction of carbon dioxide: CO 2
reduction to formate by transfer hydrogenation in iPrOH. Organometallics 29:275–277
154. Azua A, Sanz S, Peris E (2011) Water-soluble Ir(III) N-heterocyclic carbene based catalysts
for the reduction of CO 2 to formate by transfer hydrogenation and the deuteration of aryl
amines in water. Chemistry 17:3963–3967
155. Jones JH (2000) The Cativa™ process for the manufacture of acetic acid. Platin Met Rev
44:94–105
156. Huang W, Xie KC, Wang JP, Gao ZH, Yin LH, Zhu QM (2001) Possibility of direct conversion of CH 4 and CO 2 to high-value products. J Catal 201:100–104
157. Wu JF, Yu SM, Wang WD, Fan YX, Bai S, Zhang CW, Gao Q, Huang J, Wang W (2013)
Mechanistic insight into the formation of acetic acid from the direct conversion of methane
and carbon dioxide on zinc-modified H-ZSM-5 zeolite. J Am Chem Soc 135:13567–13573
158. Fukuoka A, Gotoh N, Kobayashi N, Hirano M, Komiya S (1995) Homogeneous bimetallic
catalysts for production of carboxylic acids from carbon dioxide, hydrogenation, and organic
iodides. Chem Lett 24:567–568
159. Qian Q, Zhang J, Cui M, Han B (2016) Synthesis of acetic acid via methanol hydrocarboxylation with CO 2 and H 2 . Nat Commun 7:11481
160. Wang X, Wang H, Sun Y (2017) Synthesis of acrylic acid derivatives from CO 2 and ethylene.
Chemistry 2:211–228
161. Limbach M (2015) Chapter Four: Acrylates from alkenes and CO 2 , the stuff that dreams are
made of. In: Pérez PJ (ed) Advances in organometallic chemistry. Academic Press, New York,
NY, pp 175–202
R. Arunachalam et al.