412
7 Future Prospects
There is availability of huge quantities of high sulfur heavy crude throughout the
world. Hence, it is imperative that there will be significant production of petcoke
and it should not be wasted. Valuable products should be formed from this petcoke
via gasification. Product syngas may be utilized to produce gasoline range fuels, or
used to produce electricity in an IGCC system.
References
1. Shelton W, Lyons J (1998) Process Engineering Division, Texaco Gasifier IGCC Base Cases,
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Report, July 1998: DOE report no. PED-IGCC-98-001
2. Singh RK, Sarkar A, Chakraborty JP (2019) Effect of torrefaction on the physicochemical
properties of pigeon pea stalk (Cajanus cajan) and estimation of kinetic parameters. Renew
Energy 138:805–819
3. Sudiro M, Zanella C, Bertucco A, Bressan L, Fontana M (2010) Dual-bed gasification of petcoke: model development and validation. Energy Fuel 24(2):1213–1221
4. Ni Q, Williams A (1995) A simulation study on the performance of an entrained-flow coal
gasifier. Fuel 74(1):102–110
5. Malekshahian M, Hill JM (2011) Effect of pyrolysis and CO2 gasification pressure on the
surface area and pore size distribution of petroleum coke. Energy Fuel 25(11):5250–5256
6. Nagpal S, Sarkar TK, Sen PK (2005) Simulation of petcoke gasification in slagging moving
bed reactors. Fuel Process Technol 86(6):617–640
7. Trommer D, Noembrini F, Fasciana M, Rodriguez D, Morales A, Romero M et al (2005)
Hydrogen production by steam-gasification of petroleum coke using concentrated solar
power—I. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. Int J Hydrogen Energy 30(6):605–618
8. Li Y, Yang H, Hu J, Wang X, Chen H (2014) Effect of catalysts on the reactivity and structure
evolution of char in petroleum coke steam gasification. Fuel 117:1174–1180
9. Zou JH, Zhou ZJ, Wang FC, Zhang W, Dai ZH, Liu HF et al (2007) Modeling reaction kinetics
of petroleum coke gasification with CO2. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 46(7):630–636
10. Zou J, Yang B, Gong K, Wu S, Zhou Z, Wang F et al (2008) Effect of mechanochemical treatment on petroleum coke–CO2 gasification. Fuel 87(6):622–627
11. Huo W, Zhou Z, Chen X, Dai Z, Yu G (2014) Study on CO2 gasification reactivity and physical
characteristics of biomass, petroleum coke and coal chars. Bioresour Technol 159:143–149
12. Sudiro M, Bertucco A, Ruggeri F, Fontana M (2008) Improving process performances in coal
gasification for power and synfuel production. Energy Fuel 22(6):3894–3901
13. Murthy BN, Sawarkar AN, Deshmukh NA, Mathew T, Joshi JB (2014) Petroleum coke gasification: a review. Can J Chem Eng 92(3):441–468
14. Zhang Y, Yao M, Gao S, Sun G, Xu G (2015) Reactivity and kinetics for steam gasification of
petroleum coke blended with black liquor in a micro fluidized bed. Appl Energy 160:820–828
15. Alibrahim HA, SeedAhmed S, Ahmed U, Zahid U (2019) Comparative analysis of gasification
and reforming technologies for the syngas production. In: Kiss AA, Zondervan E, Lakerveld
R, Özkan L (eds) Computer aided chemical engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1759–1764
16. Duchesne MA, Champagne S, Hughes RW (2017) Dry petroleum coke gasification in a
pilot-scale entrained-flow gasifier and inorganic element partitioning model. Energy Fuel
31(7):6658–6669
17. Zhang J, Hou J, Feng Z, Zeng Q, Song Q, Guan S et al (2020) Robust modeling, analysis
and optimization of entrained flow co-gasification of petcoke with coal using combined array
design. Int J Hydrogen Energy 45(1):294–308
J. P. Chakraborty and R. K. Singh
7 Future Prospects
There is availability of huge quantities of high sulfur heavy crude throughout the
world. Hence, it is imperative that there will be significant production of petcoke
and it should not be wasted. Valuable products should be formed from this petcoke
via gasification. Product syngas may be utilized to produce gasoline range fuels, or
used to produce electricity in an IGCC system.
References
1. Shelton W, Lyons J (1998) Process Engineering Division, Texaco Gasifier IGCC Base Cases,
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Report, July 1998: DOE report no. PED-IGCC-98-001
2. Singh RK, Sarkar A, Chakraborty JP (2019) Effect of torrefaction on the physicochemical
properties of pigeon pea stalk (Cajanus cajan) and estimation of kinetic parameters. Renew
Energy 138:805–819
3. Sudiro M, Zanella C, Bertucco A, Bressan L, Fontana M (2010) Dual-bed gasification of petcoke: model development and validation. Energy Fuel 24(2):1213–1221
4. Ni Q, Williams A (1995) A simulation study on the performance of an entrained-flow coal
gasifier. Fuel 74(1):102–110
5. Malekshahian M, Hill JM (2011) Effect of pyrolysis and CO2 gasification pressure on the
surface area and pore size distribution of petroleum coke. Energy Fuel 25(11):5250–5256
6. Nagpal S, Sarkar TK, Sen PK (2005) Simulation of petcoke gasification in slagging moving
bed reactors. Fuel Process Technol 86(6):617–640
7. Trommer D, Noembrini F, Fasciana M, Rodriguez D, Morales A, Romero M et al (2005)
Hydrogen production by steam-gasification of petroleum coke using concentrated solar
power—I. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. Int J Hydrogen Energy 30(6):605–618
8. Li Y, Yang H, Hu J, Wang X, Chen H (2014) Effect of catalysts on the reactivity and structure
evolution of char in petroleum coke steam gasification. Fuel 117:1174–1180
9. Zou JH, Zhou ZJ, Wang FC, Zhang W, Dai ZH, Liu HF et al (2007) Modeling reaction kinetics
of petroleum coke gasification with CO2. Chem Eng Process Process Intensif 46(7):630–636
10. Zou J, Yang B, Gong K, Wu S, Zhou Z, Wang F et al (2008) Effect of mechanochemical treatment on petroleum coke–CO2 gasification. Fuel 87(6):622–627
11. Huo W, Zhou Z, Chen X, Dai Z, Yu G (2014) Study on CO2 gasification reactivity and physical
characteristics of biomass, petroleum coke and coal chars. Bioresour Technol 159:143–149
12. Sudiro M, Bertucco A, Ruggeri F, Fontana M (2008) Improving process performances in coal
gasification for power and synfuel production. Energy Fuel 22(6):3894–3901
13. Murthy BN, Sawarkar AN, Deshmukh NA, Mathew T, Joshi JB (2014) Petroleum coke gasification: a review. Can J Chem Eng 92(3):441–468
14. Zhang Y, Yao M, Gao S, Sun G, Xu G (2015) Reactivity and kinetics for steam gasification of
petroleum coke blended with black liquor in a micro fluidized bed. Appl Energy 160:820–828
15. Alibrahim HA, SeedAhmed S, Ahmed U, Zahid U (2019) Comparative analysis of gasification
and reforming technologies for the syngas production. In: Kiss AA, Zondervan E, Lakerveld
R, Özkan L (eds) Computer aided chemical engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1759–1764
16. Duchesne MA, Champagne S, Hughes RW (2017) Dry petroleum coke gasification in a
pilot-scale entrained-flow gasifier and inorganic element partitioning model. Energy Fuel
31(7):6658–6669
17. Zhang J, Hou J, Feng Z, Zeng Q, Song Q, Guan S et al (2020) Robust modeling, analysis
and optimization of entrained flow co-gasification of petcoke with coal using combined array
design. Int J Hydrogen Energy 45(1):294–308
J. P. Chakraborty and R. K. Singh