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85. Fjermestad T, Svelle S, Swang O (2013) Mechanistic comparison of the dealumination in
SSZ-13 and the desilication in SAPO-34. J Phys Chem C 117:13442. https://doi.org/10.1021/
jp4028468
86. Ji Y, Deimund MA, Bhawe Y, Davis ME (2015) Organic-free synthesis of CHA-type zeolite catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction. ACS Catal 5:4456. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acscatal.5b00404
87. Ji Y, Birmingham J, Deimund MA, Brand SK, Davis ME (2016) Steam-dealuminated,
OSDA-free RHO and KFI-type zeolites as catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction.
Microporous Mesoporous Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.06.012
88. Dusselier M, Deimund MA, Schmidt JE, Davis ME (2015) Methanol-to-olefins catalysis
with hydrothermally treated zeolite SSZ-39. ACS Catal 5:6078. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acscatal.5b01577
89. Kong C, Zhu J, Liu S, Wang Y (2017) SAPO-34 with a low acidity outer layer by epitaxial
growth and its improved MTO performance. RSC Adv 7:39889. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c7ra06488h
90. Zhang L, Chen K, Chen B, White JL, Resasco DE (2015) Factors that determine zeolite stability in hot liquid water. J Am Chem Soc 137:11810. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b07398
91. Jamil AK et al (2016) Hydrothermal stability of one-dimensional pore ZSM-22 zeolite in hot
water. J Phys Chem C 120:22918. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04980
92. Valle B, Alonso A, Atutxa A, Gayubo AG, Bilbao J (2005) Effect of nickel incorporation on
the acidity and stability of HZSM-5 zeolite in the MTO process. Catal Today 106:118. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.132
93. Li Z, Martínez-Triguero J, Yu J, Corma A (2015) Conversion of methanol to olefins: stabilization of nanosized SAPO-34 by hydrothermal treatment. J Catal 329:379. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.05.025
94. Wang C et al (2016) A reconstruction strategy to synthesize mesoporous SAPO molecular
sieve single crystals with high MTO catalytic activity. Chem Commun 52:6463. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c6cc01834c
95. Lopez-Orozco S, Inayat A, Schwab A, Selvam T, Schwieger W (2011) Zeolitic materials with
hierarchical porous structures. Adv Mater 23:2602. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201100462
96. Dugkhuntod P, Wattanakit C (2020) A comprehensive review of the applications of hierarchical zeolite nanosheets and nanoparticle assemblies in light olefin production. Catalysts
10:245. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10020245
97. Wang F et al (2014) Polyethyleneimine templated synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 zeolites
with uniform mesopores. RSC Adv 4:46093. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08199d
98. Varzaneh AZ, Towfighi J, Sahebdelfar S, Bahrami H (2016) Carbon nanotube templated
synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts with different structure directing agents for
catalytic conversion of methanol to light olefins. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 121:11. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.06.007
99. Wang J et al (2017) Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of hierarchical SAPO-34 zeolite with three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous-imprinted structure.
Microporous Mesoporous Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.06.012
100. Wu L, Degirmenci V, Magusin PCMM, Lousberg NJHGM, Hensen EJM (2013) Mesoporous
SSZ-13 zeolite prepared by a dual-template method with improved performance in the
methanol- to-olefins reaction. J Catal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2012.10.029
101. Xi D et al (2014) In situ growth-etching approach to the preparation of hierarchically macroporous zeolites with high MTO catalytic activity and selectivity. J Mater Chem A 2:17994.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03030c
102. Wu L, Hensen EJM (2014) Comparison of mesoporous SSZ-13 and SAPO-34 zeolite catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction. Catal Today 235:160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cattod.2014.02.057
M. Kumar
85. Fjermestad T, Svelle S, Swang O (2013) Mechanistic comparison of the dealumination in
SSZ-13 and the desilication in SAPO-34. J Phys Chem C 117:13442. https://doi.org/10.1021/
jp4028468
86. Ji Y, Deimund MA, Bhawe Y, Davis ME (2015) Organic-free synthesis of CHA-type zeolite catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction. ACS Catal 5:4456. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acscatal.5b00404
87. Ji Y, Birmingham J, Deimund MA, Brand SK, Davis ME (2016) Steam-dealuminated,
OSDA-free RHO and KFI-type zeolites as catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction.
Microporous Mesoporous Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.06.012
88. Dusselier M, Deimund MA, Schmidt JE, Davis ME (2015) Methanol-to-olefins catalysis
with hydrothermally treated zeolite SSZ-39. ACS Catal 5:6078. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acscatal.5b01577
89. Kong C, Zhu J, Liu S, Wang Y (2017) SAPO-34 with a low acidity outer layer by epitaxial
growth and its improved MTO performance. RSC Adv 7:39889. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c7ra06488h
90. Zhang L, Chen K, Chen B, White JL, Resasco DE (2015) Factors that determine zeolite stability in hot liquid water. J Am Chem Soc 137:11810. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b07398
91. Jamil AK et al (2016) Hydrothermal stability of one-dimensional pore ZSM-22 zeolite in hot
water. J Phys Chem C 120:22918. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04980
92. Valle B, Alonso A, Atutxa A, Gayubo AG, Bilbao J (2005) Effect of nickel incorporation on
the acidity and stability of HZSM-5 zeolite in the MTO process. Catal Today 106:118. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.07.132
93. Li Z, Martínez-Triguero J, Yu J, Corma A (2015) Conversion of methanol to olefins: stabilization of nanosized SAPO-34 by hydrothermal treatment. J Catal 329:379. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.05.025
94. Wang C et al (2016) A reconstruction strategy to synthesize mesoporous SAPO molecular
sieve single crystals with high MTO catalytic activity. Chem Commun 52:6463. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c6cc01834c
95. Lopez-Orozco S, Inayat A, Schwab A, Selvam T, Schwieger W (2011) Zeolitic materials with
hierarchical porous structures. Adv Mater 23:2602. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201100462
96. Dugkhuntod P, Wattanakit C (2020) A comprehensive review of the applications of hierarchical zeolite nanosheets and nanoparticle assemblies in light olefin production. Catalysts
10:245. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10020245
97. Wang F et al (2014) Polyethyleneimine templated synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 zeolites
with uniform mesopores. RSC Adv 4:46093. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08199d
98. Varzaneh AZ, Towfighi J, Sahebdelfar S, Bahrami H (2016) Carbon nanotube templated
synthesis of hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts with different structure directing agents for
catalytic conversion of methanol to light olefins. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 121:11. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.06.007
99. Wang J et al (2017) Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic application of hierarchical SAPO-34 zeolite with three-dimensionally ordered mesoporous-imprinted structure.
Microporous Mesoporous Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.06.012
100. Wu L, Degirmenci V, Magusin PCMM, Lousberg NJHGM, Hensen EJM (2013) Mesoporous
SSZ-13 zeolite prepared by a dual-template method with improved performance in the
methanol- to-olefins reaction. J Catal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2012.10.029
101. Xi D et al (2014) In situ growth-etching approach to the preparation of hierarchically macroporous zeolites with high MTO catalytic activity and selectivity. J Mater Chem A 2:17994.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03030c
102. Wu L, Hensen EJM (2014) Comparison of mesoporous SSZ-13 and SAPO-34 zeolite catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction. Catal Today 235:160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cattod.2014.02.057
M. Kumar