143
37. Corma A, Martínez A, Martínez C (1994) Influence of process variables on the continuous alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene on superacid sulfated zirconia catalysts. J Catal
149:52–60
38. Chellappa AS, Miller RC, Thomson WJ (2001) Supercritical alkylation and butene dimerization over sulfated zirconia and iron-manganese promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts. Appl
Catal A Gen 209(1–2):359–374
39. Krylov OV (2004) Heterogeneous catalysis. Akademkniga, Moscow
40. Sarsani VR, Wang Y, Subramaniam B (2005) Toward stable solid acid catalysts for 1-butene
+ isobutane alkylation: investigations of heteropolyacids in dense CO 2 media. Ind Eng Chem
Res 44(16):6491–6495
41. Okuhara T, Yamashita M, Na K, Misono M (1994) Alkylation of isobutane with butenes catalyzed by a cesium hydrogen salt of 12-tungstophosphric acid. Chem Lett 23(8):1451–1454
42. Essayem N, Kieger S, Coudurier G, Védrine JC (1996) Comparison of the reactivities of
H 3 PW 12 O 40 and H 4 SiW 12 O 40 and their K
+
, NH 4
+ and Cs
+ salts in liquid phase isobutane/butene
alkylation. Stud Surf Sci Catal 101(A):591–600
43. Gayraud PY, Stewart IH, Derouane-Abd Hamid SB, Essayem N, Derouane EG, Védrine
JC (2000) Performance of potassium 12-tungstophosphoric salts as catalysts for isobutane/
butene alkylation in subcritical and supercritical phases. Catal Today 63(2–4):223–228
44. Blasco T, Corma A, Martínez A, Martínez-Escolano P (1998) Supported heteropolyacid
(HPW) catalysts for the continuous alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene: the benefit of using
MCM-41 with larger pore diameters. J Catal 177(2):306–313
45. Botella P, Corma A, López-Nieto JM (1999) The influence of textural and compositional
characteristics of Nafion/silica composites on isobutane/2-butene alkylation. J Catal
185(2):371–377
46. Lyon C, Subramaniam B, Pereira C (2001) Enhanced isooctane yields for 1-butene/isobutane
alkylation on SiO2-supported Nafion® in supercritical carbon dioxide. Stud Surf Sci Catal
139:221–228
47. Davis BH, Keogh RA, Srinivasan R (1994) Sulfated zirconia as a hydrocarbon conversion
catalyst. Catal Today 20(2):219–256
48. Song X, Sayari A (1996) Sulfated zirconia-based strong solid-acid catalysts: recent progress.
Catal Rev Sci Eng 38:329–412
49. Arata K (1996) Preparation of superacids by metal oxides for reactions of butanes and pentanes. Appl Catal A Gen 146(1):3–32
50. Arata K, Matsuhashi H, Hino M, Nakamura H (2003) Synthesis of solid superacids and their
activities for reactions of alkanes. Catal Today 81(1):17–30
51. Satoh K, Matsuhashi H, Arata K (1999) Alkylation to form trimethylpentanes from isobutane and 1-butene catalyzed by solid superacids of sulfated metal oxides. Appl Catal A Gen
189(1):35–43
52. Arata K, Hino M (1990) Solid catalyst treated with anion. XVIII. Benzoylation of toluene with benzoyl chloride and benzoic anhydride catalysed by solid superacid of sulfatesupported alumina. Appl Catal 59(1):197–204
53. Smirnova MY, Urguntsev GA, Ayupov AB, Vedyagin AA, Echevsky GV (2008) Isobutane/
butene alkylation on sulfated alumina: influence of sulfation condition on textural, structural
and catalytic properties. Appl Catal A Gen 344(1–2):107–113
54. Ferreira ML, Rueda EH (2002) Theoretical characterization of alumina and sulfated-alumina
catalysts for n-butene isomerization. J Mol Catal A Chem 178(1–2):147–160
55. Yang J, Zhang M, Deng F, Luo Q, Yi D, Ye C (2003) Solid state NMR study of acid sites
formed by adsorption of SO 3 onto γ-Al 2 O 3 . Chem Commun 3(7):884–885
56. Hino M, Kurashige M, Matsuhashi H, Arata K (2006) The surface structure of sulfated zirconia: studies of XPS and thermal analysis. Thermochim Acta 441(1):35–41
57. Prakash GKS, Olah GA (1990) Acid-Case Catalysis, Proceedings of the international symposium on Acid base catalysis, p 59
58. Rajadhyaksha RA, Chaudhari DD (1988) Alkylation of phenol by C9 and C12 olefins. Bull
Chem Soc Japan 61:1379–1381
Emerging Trends in Solid Acid Catalyst Alkylation Processes
37. Corma A, Martínez A, Martínez C (1994) Influence of process variables on the continuous alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene on superacid sulfated zirconia catalysts. J Catal
149:52–60
38. Chellappa AS, Miller RC, Thomson WJ (2001) Supercritical alkylation and butene dimerization over sulfated zirconia and iron-manganese promoted sulfated zirconia catalysts. Appl
Catal A Gen 209(1–2):359–374
39. Krylov OV (2004) Heterogeneous catalysis. Akademkniga, Moscow
40. Sarsani VR, Wang Y, Subramaniam B (2005) Toward stable solid acid catalysts for 1-butene
+ isobutane alkylation: investigations of heteropolyacids in dense CO 2 media. Ind Eng Chem
Res 44(16):6491–6495
41. Okuhara T, Yamashita M, Na K, Misono M (1994) Alkylation of isobutane with butenes catalyzed by a cesium hydrogen salt of 12-tungstophosphric acid. Chem Lett 23(8):1451–1454
42. Essayem N, Kieger S, Coudurier G, Védrine JC (1996) Comparison of the reactivities of
H 3 PW 12 O 40 and H 4 SiW 12 O 40 and their K
+
, NH 4
+ and Cs
+ salts in liquid phase isobutane/butene
alkylation. Stud Surf Sci Catal 101(A):591–600
43. Gayraud PY, Stewart IH, Derouane-Abd Hamid SB, Essayem N, Derouane EG, Védrine
JC (2000) Performance of potassium 12-tungstophosphoric salts as catalysts for isobutane/
butene alkylation in subcritical and supercritical phases. Catal Today 63(2–4):223–228
44. Blasco T, Corma A, Martínez A, Martínez-Escolano P (1998) Supported heteropolyacid
(HPW) catalysts for the continuous alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene: the benefit of using
MCM-41 with larger pore diameters. J Catal 177(2):306–313
45. Botella P, Corma A, López-Nieto JM (1999) The influence of textural and compositional
characteristics of Nafion/silica composites on isobutane/2-butene alkylation. J Catal
185(2):371–377
46. Lyon C, Subramaniam B, Pereira C (2001) Enhanced isooctane yields for 1-butene/isobutane
alkylation on SiO2-supported Nafion® in supercritical carbon dioxide. Stud Surf Sci Catal
139:221–228
47. Davis BH, Keogh RA, Srinivasan R (1994) Sulfated zirconia as a hydrocarbon conversion
catalyst. Catal Today 20(2):219–256
48. Song X, Sayari A (1996) Sulfated zirconia-based strong solid-acid catalysts: recent progress.
Catal Rev Sci Eng 38:329–412
49. Arata K (1996) Preparation of superacids by metal oxides for reactions of butanes and pentanes. Appl Catal A Gen 146(1):3–32
50. Arata K, Matsuhashi H, Hino M, Nakamura H (2003) Synthesis of solid superacids and their
activities for reactions of alkanes. Catal Today 81(1):17–30
51. Satoh K, Matsuhashi H, Arata K (1999) Alkylation to form trimethylpentanes from isobutane and 1-butene catalyzed by solid superacids of sulfated metal oxides. Appl Catal A Gen
189(1):35–43
52. Arata K, Hino M (1990) Solid catalyst treated with anion. XVIII. Benzoylation of toluene with benzoyl chloride and benzoic anhydride catalysed by solid superacid of sulfatesupported alumina. Appl Catal 59(1):197–204
53. Smirnova MY, Urguntsev GA, Ayupov AB, Vedyagin AA, Echevsky GV (2008) Isobutane/
butene alkylation on sulfated alumina: influence of sulfation condition on textural, structural
and catalytic properties. Appl Catal A Gen 344(1–2):107–113
54. Ferreira ML, Rueda EH (2002) Theoretical characterization of alumina and sulfated-alumina
catalysts for n-butene isomerization. J Mol Catal A Chem 178(1–2):147–160
55. Yang J, Zhang M, Deng F, Luo Q, Yi D, Ye C (2003) Solid state NMR study of acid sites
formed by adsorption of SO 3 onto γ-Al 2 O 3 . Chem Commun 3(7):884–885
56. Hino M, Kurashige M, Matsuhashi H, Arata K (2006) The surface structure of sulfated zirconia: studies of XPS and thermal analysis. Thermochim Acta 441(1):35–41
57. Prakash GKS, Olah GA (1990) Acid-Case Catalysis, Proceedings of the international symposium on Acid base catalysis, p 59
58. Rajadhyaksha RA, Chaudhari DD (1988) Alkylation of phenol by C9 and C12 olefins. Bull
Chem Soc Japan 61:1379–1381
Emerging Trends in Solid Acid Catalyst Alkylation Processes