110
Conv.
Conversion
DCHB
Dicyclohexylbenzene
DMHs
Dimethyl hexanes
EB
Ethylbenzene
EPS
Expanded polystyrene foam
GRM
Gross refinery margin
H 2 SO 4
Sulfuric acid
HF
Hydrofluoric acid
Ho
Hammett acidity
IL
Ionic liquid
LDH
Layered double hydroxides
micro-meso zeolite
Zeolites containing both micropores and mesopores
MS
Motor spirit
MTBE
Methyl tertiary-butyl ether
Nafion
Sulfonated
tetrafluoroethylene-based
fluoropolymer
copolymer
n B /n L
Ratio of Brönsted to Lewis acid sites
–OH
Hydroxyl
RON
Research octane number
RVP
Reid vapor pressure
SAN
Styrene-acrylonitrile plastic
SAR
Silica to alumina ratio
SbF5
Antimony pentafluoride
SBR
Styrene-butadiene rubber
Si/Al ratio
Silicon to aluminum ratio
SM
Styrene monomer
SMPO process
Styrene monomer-propylene oxide process
T
Temperature
t
Time
TMPs
Trimethyl pentanes
UoM
Unit of measurement
USY zeolite
Ultrastable Y zeolite
v/v
Volume/volume
wt%
Weight percentage
1 Introduction
Today, the implementation of stringent emission norms worldwide has added
impetus to regulate transportation fuel specifications mainly with regard to SOx,
NOx, and particulate matter emissions. Consequently, Euro VI transportation fuel
specifications are being implemented, causing substantial reduction in the allowable concentration of aromatics, olefins, and sulfur content in gasoline (Table 1).
S. M. Pai et al.