where
G z=L
ð Þ ¼
1
À2 z=L 0
1 þ 7:9z=L 0 z=L 2
&
ð3:163Þ
H z=L
ð Þ ¼
1
À2 z=L 0
1 þ 6:4z=L 0 z=L 2
&
ð3:164Þ
Figure 3.9 shows the curves for the covariance of the product for fluctuations of
uw (vertical momentum transport) and wh (vertical transport of sensible heat).
P •spe•u(n)*n/var•u
P •spe•T(n)*n/var•T
P •spe•w(n)*n/var •w
10
2
10
0
10
-2
10
-2
10
2
10
0
10
-4
n = f z / u
n = f z / u
n = f z / u
10
1
10
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
2
10
0
10
-2
slope: - 2/3
slope: - 2/3
(a)
(c)
(b)
measured spectrum
theoretical Kaimal spectrum
measured spectrum
theoretical Kaimal
spectrum
measured spectrum
theoretical Kaimal
spectrum
slope: - 2/3
10
1
10
0
10
-1
10
-2
10
2
10
0
10
-2
Fig. 3.8 Spectral power of components a u; b w; and c T, from measurements of the cork oak
forest surface layer (after Rodrigues 2002)
78
3 Characterization of Turbulent Flow in the Surface Boundary Layer