LE ¼ ÀLk
2
DuDq v
lnð z 2 À dÞ=ðz 1 À d
À
Á Þ
À
Á 2
!
/ M / v
ð
Þ
À1
ð2:55Þ
F C ¼ Àk
2
DuDQ c
lnð z 2 À dÞ=ðz 1 À d
ð
Þ Þ
ð
Þ
2
!
/ M / C
ð
Þ
À1
ð2:56Þ
where k is the von Karman constant (of the order of 0.41), L is the latent heat
of vaporization of water (of the order of 2.44 MJkg
−1
), q V and Q c are water vapor
and CO 2 concentrations (vapour or gas mass per air volume – units kgm
–3 )
measured at heights z 1 and z 2 , u is air velocity and (/ M / H )
−1 = (/ M / V )
−1 =
(/ M / C )
−1 are
Fig. 2.4 Vertical wind profiles in the form of eddies under different conditions of thermal
stability: a thermal neutrality, b thermal instability, and c thermal stability
28
2 Aerodynamic Characterization of the Surface Layer
2
DuDq v
lnð z 2 À dÞ=ðz 1 À d
À
Á Þ
À
Á 2
!
/ M / v
ð
Þ
À1
ð2:55Þ
F C ¼ Àk
2
DuDQ c
lnð z 2 À dÞ=ðz 1 À d
ð
Þ Þ
ð
Þ
2
!
/ M / C
ð
Þ
À1
ð2:56Þ
where k is the von Karman constant (of the order of 0.41), L is the latent heat
of vaporization of water (of the order of 2.44 MJkg
−1
), q V and Q c are water vapor
and CO 2 concentrations (vapour or gas mass per air volume – units kgm
–3 )
measured at heights z 1 and z 2 , u is air velocity and (/ M / H )
−1 = (/ M / V )
−1 =
(/ M / C )
−1 are
Fig. 2.4 Vertical wind profiles in the form of eddies under different conditions of thermal
stability: a thermal neutrality, b thermal instability, and c thermal stability
28
2 Aerodynamic Characterization of the Surface Layer