Effective temperature, 205–207
Ejection, 112, 122
Emissive power, 182, 184, 185
Emissivity, 167, 180, 182, 184, 196, 197
Emittance, 183
Empirical functions for atmospheric
turbulence, 58, 60, 76
Equilibrium evapotranspiration, 119, 121–123
Equivalent temperature, 117
Eucalypts stand, 120, 126–129
Euler formulas, 64, 70
Eulerian and Kolmogorov length scales, 74
Exponential zone in airflow profile, 107, 110
Extreme events, 268, 270, 282, 283, 286, 288,
289, 297, 298
F
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), 70
Fetch, 137
Fifth IPCC Report (AR5) assessment, 269,
270, 273, 278–282, 291, 298, 300
Flow over buildings, 139
Flow over hills, 144, 148, 150, 155
Fohen and Bora winds, 154, 155
Footprint or fetch, 80, 89, 97, 98
Forced convection, 159, 168, 172–179, 209,
210
Forest coppice, 126–128
Fourier’s Law, 160, 165
Fourier analysis, 63
Fourth IPCC Report (AR4) assessment, 269,
270, 278, 281, 292, 294, 296, 299
Free convection, 177–179, 210
Frictional drag, 1, 3
Friction delay, 15
Froude number, 233
G
Gap-filling procedure, 80, 101
Gas analyser, 83
Global energy budget, 269, 271
Global warming, 268, 269, 271, 272, 278–280,
283–286, 291, 295, 297
GPP, 125–128
Grashof number, 178, 179, 210
Greenhouse radiative properties, 201
H
Hardwood stand, 111, 114
Harmonic change, 163, 206
Heatwave, 280, 282–290, 292, 293, 298
High frequency peaks, 80, 89, 90, 100
Holm oak stand, 126, 128
Hydraulic jump, 147, 155, 156
I
Impaction, 215–217
Imposed evapotranspiration, 119, 120, 126
Inertial sublayer, 15
Inertial subrange, 73–75, 77
Internal boundary layer, 133–136
Internal climate variability, 286
Irradiance, 183, 187, 190, 191, 193, 202, 203
K
Katabatic winds, 153–155
Kirchhoff’s Law, 182, 188
L
Laminar boundary layer, 15, 16, 21
Land use, 279, 295
Lewis number, 210
Logarithmic zone in airflow profile, 107
Low frequency corrections, 89–91
M
Mean free path of gas molecules, 212
Mediterranean basin, 285, 292–297, 299
Mixed layer, 6, 8–10
Monin-Obhukov length, 26, 29
N
Navier-Stokes equations, 40, 44
NEE, 125–128
Net radiation, 187, 203–207
Night-time carbon storage, 80, 95, 99, 100
Numerical simulation for particle entrainment,
223
Nusselt number, 172–176, 179, 209, 210
O
Open path sensors, 81, 84–86
P
Particle creeping, 218–220
Particle mass transfer, 211, 213
Particle rebound, 217, 223
Particle Reynolds number, 212, 214
Penman-Monteith equation, 106, 118–120
Phase diagram, 65
Pine stand, 108, 121–123, 127, 128
Potential evapotranspiration, 289, 297
370
Index
Ejection, 112, 122
Emissive power, 182, 184, 185
Emissivity, 167, 180, 182, 184, 196, 197
Emittance, 183
Empirical functions for atmospheric
turbulence, 58, 60, 76
Equilibrium evapotranspiration, 119, 121–123
Equivalent temperature, 117
Eucalypts stand, 120, 126–129
Euler formulas, 64, 70
Eulerian and Kolmogorov length scales, 74
Exponential zone in airflow profile, 107, 110
Extreme events, 268, 270, 282, 283, 286, 288,
289, 297, 298
F
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), 70
Fetch, 137
Fifth IPCC Report (AR5) assessment, 269,
270, 273, 278–282, 291, 298, 300
Flow over buildings, 139
Flow over hills, 144, 148, 150, 155
Fohen and Bora winds, 154, 155
Footprint or fetch, 80, 89, 97, 98
Forced convection, 159, 168, 172–179, 209,
210
Forest coppice, 126–128
Fourier’s Law, 160, 165
Fourier analysis, 63
Fourth IPCC Report (AR4) assessment, 269,
270, 278, 281, 292, 294, 296, 299
Free convection, 177–179, 210
Frictional drag, 1, 3
Friction delay, 15
Froude number, 233
G
Gap-filling procedure, 80, 101
Gas analyser, 83
Global energy budget, 269, 271
Global warming, 268, 269, 271, 272, 278–280,
283–286, 291, 295, 297
GPP, 125–128
Grashof number, 178, 179, 210
Greenhouse radiative properties, 201
H
Hardwood stand, 111, 114
Harmonic change, 163, 206
Heatwave, 280, 282–290, 292, 293, 298
High frequency peaks, 80, 89, 90, 100
Holm oak stand, 126, 128
Hydraulic jump, 147, 155, 156
I
Impaction, 215–217
Imposed evapotranspiration, 119, 120, 126
Inertial sublayer, 15
Inertial subrange, 73–75, 77
Internal boundary layer, 133–136
Internal climate variability, 286
Irradiance, 183, 187, 190, 191, 193, 202, 203
K
Katabatic winds, 153–155
Kirchhoff’s Law, 182, 188
L
Laminar boundary layer, 15, 16, 21
Land use, 279, 295
Lewis number, 210
Logarithmic zone in airflow profile, 107
Low frequency corrections, 89–91
M
Mean free path of gas molecules, 212
Mediterranean basin, 285, 292–297, 299
Mixed layer, 6, 8–10
Monin-Obhukov length, 26, 29
N
Navier-Stokes equations, 40, 44
NEE, 125–128
Net radiation, 187, 203–207
Night-time carbon storage, 80, 95, 99, 100
Numerical simulation for particle entrainment,
223
Nusselt number, 172–176, 179, 209, 210
O
Open path sensors, 81, 84–86
P
Particle creeping, 218–220
Particle mass transfer, 211, 213
Particle rebound, 217, 223
Particle Reynolds number, 212, 214
Penman-Monteith equation, 106, 118–120
Phase diagram, 65
Pine stand, 108, 121–123, 127, 128
Potential evapotranspiration, 289, 297
370
Index