Potential temperature, 5, 8, 9
Potential temperature profile, 111, 119
Prandtl number, 170, 174, 210
Precipitation, 267, 270, 280–283, 286, 287,
289, 290, 292, 293, 295–299
R
Radiation intensity, 167, 184, 186, 202
Radiative absorption, 188, 191, 195
Radiative Forcing (RF), 272
Radiative reflectivity, 181, 183, 198
Radiative shape factor, 183, 186
Radiative transmissivity, 181, 190, 192, 194,
198
Radiative window, 192
Ramp change, 204, 206–208
Recalcitrant biochar, 302
Regional tendencies, 281, 289, 293–297
Relative motion of particles, 211, 212
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP),
279–281, 284, 288, 291, 300
Residual layer, 9
Return period, 285, 290
Reynolds number, 34, 169, 172, 174, 175, 209,
213, 228
Richardson number, 25, 26
Roughness length, 17, 19, 31
Roughness sublayer, 14, 105, 106, 110, 114
S
Saltation, 217–221
Saturation deficit, 122, 123
Schmidt number, 209
Schotanus corrections, 80, 83, 100
Sedimentation velocity, 213–215
Sediment transport, 218, 224–226, 228, 233
Sherwood number, 209, 210
Shields parameter, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232
Skin friction, 107, 108
Softwood stands, 112, 124
Soil loading capacity, 303, 304
Solar declination, 189
Solar height, 189, 200
Solid angle, 184
Sonic anemometry, 80–83, 86, 89, 93
Spectral analysis, 35, 63, 65, 66, 72, 73, 77, 82
Spectral power, 72, 75–78
Specular reflection, 183, 198, 200
Stability functions, 24, 25, 27
Stationary conduction, 160, 162
Stefan-Boltzmann’s Law, 167, 182
Step change, 204, 206, 207
Stokes law, 212, 213
Stokes number, 215
Stopping distance, 215
Stream power, 224–226, 231, 233
Supercritical flow, 233
Surface layer, 13–17, 21
Surface roughness, 134–138, 152
Synthesis and analysis equations, 65
T
Taylor hypothesis, 38, 39, 73, 93
Thermal conduction, 160, 171, 204
Thermal conductivity coefficient, 160, 162,
165, 171–173
Thermal damping diffusivity, 162, 167
Thermal damping layer, 165
Thermal internal boundary layer, 136
Thermal stability, 19, 24–27
Thermal stability influence on atmospheric
flow, 134, 136, 138, 146–148, 150, 153,
154
Thermal storage, 167, 206
Time constant, 204, 206–208, 214
Time constant for evapotranspiration regime,
120
Top atmosphere boundary layer, 4, 8, 9
Top inversion, 6, 9
Total Ecosystem Respiration (TER), 125, 126
Transient conduction, 160–162
Turbulent dissipation, 34, 37, 48, 49, 51, 54,
55, 57, 59, 62, 74, 75
Turbulent flow, 34, 40, 44–47, 50, 60, 62, 72
Turbulent intensity, 35, 36, 39, 46, 54
Turbulent isotropy, 48, 50, 51, 53, 55, 62, 74,
75
Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE), 34, 35, 37,
48, 49, 54–56, 58–60, 62, 73, 74, 114,
115
Turning moment, 109
U
Understory strata, 122, 123, 125
Urban boundary layer, 137, 138
V
Vertical profiles in the internal boundary layer,
138, 144
W
Wake turbulence, 109, 114, 115
Weather forecast, 271, 279–281, 284, 285, 291,
292, 294, 296, 297, 299
Index
371
Potential temperature profile, 111, 119
Prandtl number, 170, 174, 210
Precipitation, 267, 270, 280–283, 286, 287,
289, 290, 292, 293, 295–299
R
Radiation intensity, 167, 184, 186, 202
Radiative absorption, 188, 191, 195
Radiative Forcing (RF), 272
Radiative reflectivity, 181, 183, 198
Radiative shape factor, 183, 186
Radiative transmissivity, 181, 190, 192, 194,
198
Radiative window, 192
Ramp change, 204, 206–208
Recalcitrant biochar, 302
Regional tendencies, 281, 289, 293–297
Relative motion of particles, 211, 212
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP),
279–281, 284, 288, 291, 300
Residual layer, 9
Return period, 285, 290
Reynolds number, 34, 169, 172, 174, 175, 209,
213, 228
Richardson number, 25, 26
Roughness length, 17, 19, 31
Roughness sublayer, 14, 105, 106, 110, 114
S
Saltation, 217–221
Saturation deficit, 122, 123
Schmidt number, 209
Schotanus corrections, 80, 83, 100
Sedimentation velocity, 213–215
Sediment transport, 218, 224–226, 228, 233
Sherwood number, 209, 210
Shields parameter, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232
Skin friction, 107, 108
Softwood stands, 112, 124
Soil loading capacity, 303, 304
Solar declination, 189
Solar height, 189, 200
Solid angle, 184
Sonic anemometry, 80–83, 86, 89, 93
Spectral analysis, 35, 63, 65, 66, 72, 73, 77, 82
Spectral power, 72, 75–78
Specular reflection, 183, 198, 200
Stability functions, 24, 25, 27
Stationary conduction, 160, 162
Stefan-Boltzmann’s Law, 167, 182
Step change, 204, 206, 207
Stokes law, 212, 213
Stokes number, 215
Stopping distance, 215
Stream power, 224–226, 231, 233
Supercritical flow, 233
Surface layer, 13–17, 21
Surface roughness, 134–138, 152
Synthesis and analysis equations, 65
T
Taylor hypothesis, 38, 39, 73, 93
Thermal conduction, 160, 171, 204
Thermal conductivity coefficient, 160, 162,
165, 171–173
Thermal damping diffusivity, 162, 167
Thermal damping layer, 165
Thermal internal boundary layer, 136
Thermal stability, 19, 24–27
Thermal stability influence on atmospheric
flow, 134, 136, 138, 146–148, 150, 153,
154
Thermal storage, 167, 206
Time constant, 204, 206–208, 214
Time constant for evapotranspiration regime,
120
Top atmosphere boundary layer, 4, 8, 9
Top inversion, 6, 9
Total Ecosystem Respiration (TER), 125, 126
Transient conduction, 160–162
Turbulent dissipation, 34, 37, 48, 49, 51, 54,
55, 57, 59, 62, 74, 75
Turbulent flow, 34, 40, 44–47, 50, 60, 62, 72
Turbulent intensity, 35, 36, 39, 46, 54
Turbulent isotropy, 48, 50, 51, 53, 55, 62, 74,
75
Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE), 34, 35, 37,
48, 49, 54–56, 58–60, 62, 73, 74, 114,
115
Turning moment, 109
U
Understory strata, 122, 123, 125
Urban boundary layer, 137, 138
V
Vertical profiles in the internal boundary layer,
138, 144
W
Wake turbulence, 109, 114, 115
Weather forecast, 271, 279–281, 284, 285, 291,
292, 294, 296, 297, 299
Index
371