16.5 Beijing
355
security; (2) strengthen water affairs sector safe production. In 2018, the bureau
was required to strengthen the rational development, optimal allocation, saving, and
protection of water resources
5 :
• to enforce “water saving with priority” according to the principle of “according to
water resources, defining municipal development scale, land development, population, and industrial structure”, transitioning from increasing the water supply
to focusing on demand management, strictly controlling total water use, and
increasing water-use efficiency;
• to enforce “protection with priority” to enhance water resources, water bodies, and
water affairs infrastructure management and protection, to strengthen groundwater
management, and to maintain river and lake health;
• to enforce systematic control to strengthen municipal river and lake system water
pollution control and ecological restoration, to improve urban and rural water
supplies and drainage service guarantee systems, and to strengthen “sponge city”
development;
• to enforce comprehensive measures to guarantee reasonable water requirements
and sustainable water resource development to provide water security for social
and economic development.
The significance of Beijing water affairs reform is water affairs station reform at
the town or county level. In the 1980s, Beijing set up 306 town/county water resources
management stations to conduct drought-resistance irrigation and small-scale irrigation engineering construction. In the 1990s, 212 central town water resources
management stations were restructured at the end of 2000 under the trend of countrymerging and setting up the town. Under water affairs reform in the 2000s, 114 grassroots water affairs stations were restructured by closing and merging water resources
management stations according to the principles of “combination of catchment and
region, and mainly based on catchment”. Water affairs stations conduct unified water
resources management in a town or catchment area (Tang and Shan 2009). These
stations are grass-roots agencies that perform water administrative functions in the
jurisdiction, and they are an extension of the county or district WAB in Beijing.
As one management level in the Beijing water affairs management institution, the
station takes responsibility for flood control and drought resistance, water resources
management, water supply, water saving, drainage, wastewater treatment, water environmental control, technical guidance on water infrastructure construction management and O&M, and guidance of WUA development and operation (Shui et al.
2018).
In addition to institutional reform, one of the achievements of water affairs reform
in the municipality is the increasing use of recycled water and environmental water.
Figure 16.2 demonstrates the rapid increase in both the recycled water supply and
environmental water use. Under a slight decrease in total water supply and use in the
municipality from 2003 to 2016, the recycled water supply increased from 0.205 to
1.05 billion m
3 and as a percentage of total water supply increased from 6 to 27%.
5 https://www.bjwater.gov.cn/bjwater/300747/300794/fdzz/index.html.
355
security; (2) strengthen water affairs sector safe production. In 2018, the bureau
was required to strengthen the rational development, optimal allocation, saving, and
protection of water resources
5 :
• to enforce “water saving with priority” according to the principle of “according to
water resources, defining municipal development scale, land development, population, and industrial structure”, transitioning from increasing the water supply
to focusing on demand management, strictly controlling total water use, and
increasing water-use efficiency;
• to enforce “protection with priority” to enhance water resources, water bodies, and
water affairs infrastructure management and protection, to strengthen groundwater
management, and to maintain river and lake health;
• to enforce systematic control to strengthen municipal river and lake system water
pollution control and ecological restoration, to improve urban and rural water
supplies and drainage service guarantee systems, and to strengthen “sponge city”
development;
• to enforce comprehensive measures to guarantee reasonable water requirements
and sustainable water resource development to provide water security for social
and economic development.
The significance of Beijing water affairs reform is water affairs station reform at
the town or county level. In the 1980s, Beijing set up 306 town/county water resources
management stations to conduct drought-resistance irrigation and small-scale irrigation engineering construction. In the 1990s, 212 central town water resources
management stations were restructured at the end of 2000 under the trend of countrymerging and setting up the town. Under water affairs reform in the 2000s, 114 grassroots water affairs stations were restructured by closing and merging water resources
management stations according to the principles of “combination of catchment and
region, and mainly based on catchment”. Water affairs stations conduct unified water
resources management in a town or catchment area (Tang and Shan 2009). These
stations are grass-roots agencies that perform water administrative functions in the
jurisdiction, and they are an extension of the county or district WAB in Beijing.
As one management level in the Beijing water affairs management institution, the
station takes responsibility for flood control and drought resistance, water resources
management, water supply, water saving, drainage, wastewater treatment, water environmental control, technical guidance on water infrastructure construction management and O&M, and guidance of WUA development and operation (Shui et al.
2018).
In addition to institutional reform, one of the achievements of water affairs reform
in the municipality is the increasing use of recycled water and environmental water.
Figure 16.2 demonstrates the rapid increase in both the recycled water supply and
environmental water use. Under a slight decrease in total water supply and use in the
municipality from 2003 to 2016, the recycled water supply increased from 0.205 to
1.05 billion m
3 and as a percentage of total water supply increased from 6 to 27%.
5 https://www.bjwater.gov.cn/bjwater/300747/300794/fdzz/index.html.