197
Noise pollution leads to hearing loss or impairment (Hinchliffe 2002) besides
several psychological and physiological effects (Oguntunde et al. 2019). The combination of air and noise pollution is liked to respiratory ailments, tiredness and
dizziness (Adetoun et al. 2011; Shendell et al. 2009), high blood pressure (Ebare
et al. 2011), cognitive difficulties (Ntui 2009) impact on fetal development (Selander
et al. 2019), annoyance and anxiety (Paiva et al. 2019), mental health crisis (Freiberg
et al. 2019), sleep disturbance and insomnia (Eze et al. 2018; Freiberg et al. 2019),
cardiovascular disorders (Sears et al. 2018), cardiocerebrovascular diseases (Oh
et al. 2019), type 2 diabetes incidence (Thiesse et al. 2018), and medically unexplained physical symptoms (Zock et al. 2018), myocardial infarction incidence
(Bräuner et al. 2018), peptic ulcers (Min and Min 2018), and disruption of communication and retentive ability (Tesoriere et al. 2018).
5.14 Pediatrics
Pediatrics is the branch of medical science dealing with children and their diseases.
A number of diseases in children are related to unsafe environments.
The environment plays important role on children health that is more vulnerable
to diseases due to following reasons:
• Children consume more food and water in proportion to their weight.
• Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can result in irreversible damage, as well as
to diseases during adulthood.
• Their immunity, digestive system, reproductive systems, and central nervous
system are more vulnerable compared to adults.
• They are in an active state of growth.
• They are more exposed through hand-to-mouth activities due to innocence and
ignorance about consequences.
• As children have smaller lungs, they breathe more air in proportion to their
weight.
Child health refers to a state of complete mental, physical as well as social wellbeing and development of fetus as well as from birth of the baby till 5 year of age.
The factors that affect the health of children include but not restricted to the
following:
1. Age
2. Climate change
3. Corruption in the governance
4. Environment
5. Ignorance
6. Illiteracy
7. Lack of access to maternal and child health services
8. Malnutrition
5.15 Neurology and Psychiatry
Noise pollution leads to hearing loss or impairment (Hinchliffe 2002) besides
several psychological and physiological effects (Oguntunde et al. 2019). The combination of air and noise pollution is liked to respiratory ailments, tiredness and
dizziness (Adetoun et al. 2011; Shendell et al. 2009), high blood pressure (Ebare
et al. 2011), cognitive difficulties (Ntui 2009) impact on fetal development (Selander
et al. 2019), annoyance and anxiety (Paiva et al. 2019), mental health crisis (Freiberg
et al. 2019), sleep disturbance and insomnia (Eze et al. 2018; Freiberg et al. 2019),
cardiovascular disorders (Sears et al. 2018), cardiocerebrovascular diseases (Oh
et al. 2019), type 2 diabetes incidence (Thiesse et al. 2018), and medically unexplained physical symptoms (Zock et al. 2018), myocardial infarction incidence
(Bräuner et al. 2018), peptic ulcers (Min and Min 2018), and disruption of communication and retentive ability (Tesoriere et al. 2018).
5.14 Pediatrics
Pediatrics is the branch of medical science dealing with children and their diseases.
A number of diseases in children are related to unsafe environments.
The environment plays important role on children health that is more vulnerable
to diseases due to following reasons:
• Children consume more food and water in proportion to their weight.
• Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can result in irreversible damage, as well as
to diseases during adulthood.
• Their immunity, digestive system, reproductive systems, and central nervous
system are more vulnerable compared to adults.
• They are in an active state of growth.
• They are more exposed through hand-to-mouth activities due to innocence and
ignorance about consequences.
• As children have smaller lungs, they breathe more air in proportion to their
weight.
Child health refers to a state of complete mental, physical as well as social wellbeing and development of fetus as well as from birth of the baby till 5 year of age.
The factors that affect the health of children include but not restricted to the
following:
1. Age
2. Climate change
3. Corruption in the governance
4. Environment
5. Ignorance
6. Illiteracy
7. Lack of access to maternal and child health services
8. Malnutrition
5.15 Neurology and Psychiatry