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ferent tolerance. The same environment cannot support aquatic and terrestrial animals because they live in different media though both will remain alive for short
period when their living media are interchanged. In addition to genetic influences, a
number of social demographic, behavioral, cultural, race/ethnic, and environmental
factors are linked to physical function, disability as well as chronic disease (Link
and Phelan 1995; Fried and Guralnik 1997; Koukouli et al. 2002; Banks
et al. 2006; Barabasi 2007; Turrell et al. 2007).
Anatomy and physiology discourse how the body maintains life. Physiology
deals with the functions of organs, whereas anatomy deals with the structures, or
morphology, of organs.
Within the same media, different species show different tolerance like some of
the microbes demand oxygen for living while others can live without it. Some of the
excreta and metabolic waste/byproduct which are not required by a species are food
to other living organisms. Alcohol, which is metabolic waste of microbes, is consumed by many humans. Similarly, the excreta of humans are food for many living beings.
5.4 Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Forensic medicine is a specialty of medical science that deals with the application
of knowledge of medical scenic to establish facts in legal cases. Forensic medicine
is also known as forensic pathology.
Toxicology is the specialty of science that deals with study of undesirable effects
that occur in living being owing to chemicals.
Many pollutants released into the environment by industry, mining, agriculture,
transportation, and even by hospitals are toxic in nature and has high health burden
on immediate community and international community. The increased use of toxic
substances in day to day use as insecticide, insect repellent, paints, toilet cleaners,
disinfectants, and others, will also find their ways into the environment. Toxic substances may reach humans by food, air, or water. Radiotoxic substances can even
reach humans by radiation. The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are increasing and pose a risk for humans and the environment (Legradi et al.
2018). Tiny plastic particles generated due to mechanical abrasion, biological degradation, and photochemical oxidation of larger plastic debris result in the formation of microplastics (size range 1 μm to 5 mm) and nanoplastics (size range 1 nm to
1000 nm) are considered emerging contaminants and toxicants that affect human
health (Liuwei et al. 2020).
Major toxic causative agent is given in Table 5.1.
5.4 Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
ferent tolerance. The same environment cannot support aquatic and terrestrial animals because they live in different media though both will remain alive for short
period when their living media are interchanged. In addition to genetic influences, a
number of social demographic, behavioral, cultural, race/ethnic, and environmental
factors are linked to physical function, disability as well as chronic disease (Link
and Phelan 1995; Fried and Guralnik 1997; Koukouli et al. 2002; Banks
et al. 2006; Barabasi 2007; Turrell et al. 2007).
Anatomy and physiology discourse how the body maintains life. Physiology
deals with the functions of organs, whereas anatomy deals with the structures, or
morphology, of organs.
Within the same media, different species show different tolerance like some of
the microbes demand oxygen for living while others can live without it. Some of the
excreta and metabolic waste/byproduct which are not required by a species are food
to other living organisms. Alcohol, which is metabolic waste of microbes, is consumed by many humans. Similarly, the excreta of humans are food for many living beings.
5.4 Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
Forensic medicine is a specialty of medical science that deals with the application
of knowledge of medical scenic to establish facts in legal cases. Forensic medicine
is also known as forensic pathology.
Toxicology is the specialty of science that deals with study of undesirable effects
that occur in living being owing to chemicals.
Many pollutants released into the environment by industry, mining, agriculture,
transportation, and even by hospitals are toxic in nature and has high health burden
on immediate community and international community. The increased use of toxic
substances in day to day use as insecticide, insect repellent, paints, toilet cleaners,
disinfectants, and others, will also find their ways into the environment. Toxic substances may reach humans by food, air, or water. Radiotoxic substances can even
reach humans by radiation. The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are increasing and pose a risk for humans and the environment (Legradi et al.
2018). Tiny plastic particles generated due to mechanical abrasion, biological degradation, and photochemical oxidation of larger plastic debris result in the formation of microplastics (size range 1 μm to 5 mm) and nanoplastics (size range 1 nm to
1000 nm) are considered emerging contaminants and toxicants that affect human
health (Liuwei et al. 2020).
Major toxic causative agent is given in Table 5.1.
5.4 Forensic Medicine and Toxicology