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Urban ecosystem imports food and energy from outside its boundary and generates wastes. Some of the urban settling import water from long distance. Megacities
are to some extent not dependent on their surroundings for fuel, food, water, as well
as other materials. With growth of cities, the import of energy and material into cities increased. As per O’Meara (1999), half of 20,000 tons of food that enters
New York City is wasted before it is sold.
Pitcher Plant
Insect/
Deer/
sheep/
goat
Frog/Lizard/
Tiger
Snake
Humans
Bacteria
Nutrients
Fig. 4.3 Humans in the food web
Organisms
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere
Fig. 4.4 Linking between
biosphere and organisms
4.3 Physical and Biotic Environment
Urban ecosystem imports food and energy from outside its boundary and generates wastes. Some of the urban settling import water from long distance. Megacities
are to some extent not dependent on their surroundings for fuel, food, water, as well
as other materials. With growth of cities, the import of energy and material into cities increased. As per O’Meara (1999), half of 20,000 tons of food that enters
New York City is wasted before it is sold.
Pitcher Plant
Insect/
Deer/
sheep/
goat
Frog/Lizard/
Tiger
Snake
Humans
Bacteria
Nutrients
Fig. 4.3 Humans in the food web
Organisms
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere
Fig. 4.4 Linking between
biosphere and organisms
4.3 Physical and Biotic Environment