Soil Fauna Activities in Agricultural Greek Landscapes
101
Table 5 Earthworm counts in soil samples taken across Greece (for landscape examples see Fig. 3)
Biotopes
Earthworm
Individuals
m −2
Organic
matter
Nitrogen
total
C/N
pH
Clay
(%)
Cultivated arable land a
Conventional
treated
41 ± 15
1.9 ± 0.1 0.14 ± 0.01
8.1 ± 0.4 7.64 ± 0.1
49 ± 2
Extensive
fallow
48 ± 34
2.4 ± 0.4 0.18 ± 0.02
7.9 ± 1.1 7.55 ± 0.25 48 ± 4
Vineyards b
Conventional
treated
16 ± 9
1.9 ± 0.2 0.14 ± 0.01
8.0 ± 0.5
7.2 ± 0.12 45 ± 2
Organic
farmed
52 ± 23
1.5 ± 0.3
0.1 ± 0.02
8.7 ± 0.5
6.7 ± 0.19 37 ± 3
Extensive
fallow
60 ± 17
2.2 ± 0.2 0.13 ± 0.01 10.0 ± 0.5
7.5 ± 0.13 44 ± 2
Abandoned
land
106 ± 28
2.7 ± 0.4 0.15 ± 0.02 10.3 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 0.25 33 ± 4
Olives c
Conventional
treated
63 ± 29
2.8 ± 0.4 0.19 ± 0.03
8.1 ± 1.3
6.8 ± 0.29 35 ± 5
Organic
farmed
36 ± 20
2.6 ± 0.3 0.17 ± 0.02 11.2 ± 0.9
7.0 ± 0.20 36 ± 3
Extensive
fallow
82 ± 26
2.5 ± 0.3 0.17 ± 0.02
9.1 ± 0.9
7.4 ± 0.21 44 ± 3
Abandoned
land
43 ± 42
5.0 ± 0.5 0.28 ± 0.03
9.5 ± 1.5
7.0 ± 0.33 33 ± 5
Fruit trees d
Conventional
treated
34 ± 17
2.2 ± 0.2 0.18 ± 0.01
8.3 ± 0.6
6.7 ± 0.13 37 ± 2
Organic
farmed
75 ± 29
2.8 ± 0.4 0.19 ± 0.02
8.6 ± 1.1
7.0 ± 0.25 33 ± 4
Extensive
fallow
135 ± 24
3.4 ± 0.3 0.21 ± 0.02 10.0 ± 0.9
7.4 ± 0.19 44 ± 3
Abandoned
land
31 ± 48
4.0 ± 0.5 0.20 ± 0.03 11.5 ± 1.6
6.0 ± 0.37 33 ± 6
a Cereals (n = 37) + cotton (n = 12) + vegetable (n = 17) + legumes (n = 3) + pastures (n = 4)
b Convential (n = 25) + organic (n = 13) + extensive fallow (n = 37) + abandoned land (n = 15)
c Convential (n = 4) + organic (n = 15) + extensive fallow (n = 13) + abandoned land (n = 6)
d Citrus n = 33: conventional n = 9, organic n = 15, fallow n = 4; Chest-, Wallnut n = 8
e Pistacia n = 5; Magnolia n = 2; Oak forest and Macchia n = 6
101
Table 5 Earthworm counts in soil samples taken across Greece (for landscape examples see Fig. 3)
Biotopes
Earthworm
Individuals
m −2
Organic
matter
Nitrogen
total
C/N
pH
Clay
(%)
Cultivated arable land a
Conventional
treated
41 ± 15
1.9 ± 0.1 0.14 ± 0.01
8.1 ± 0.4 7.64 ± 0.1
49 ± 2
Extensive
fallow
48 ± 34
2.4 ± 0.4 0.18 ± 0.02
7.9 ± 1.1 7.55 ± 0.25 48 ± 4
Vineyards b
Conventional
treated
16 ± 9
1.9 ± 0.2 0.14 ± 0.01
8.0 ± 0.5
7.2 ± 0.12 45 ± 2
Organic
farmed
52 ± 23
1.5 ± 0.3
0.1 ± 0.02
8.7 ± 0.5
6.7 ± 0.19 37 ± 3
Extensive
fallow
60 ± 17
2.2 ± 0.2 0.13 ± 0.01 10.0 ± 0.5
7.5 ± 0.13 44 ± 2
Abandoned
land
106 ± 28
2.7 ± 0.4 0.15 ± 0.02 10.3 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 0.25 33 ± 4
Olives c
Conventional
treated
63 ± 29
2.8 ± 0.4 0.19 ± 0.03
8.1 ± 1.3
6.8 ± 0.29 35 ± 5
Organic
farmed
36 ± 20
2.6 ± 0.3 0.17 ± 0.02 11.2 ± 0.9
7.0 ± 0.20 36 ± 3
Extensive
fallow
82 ± 26
2.5 ± 0.3 0.17 ± 0.02
9.1 ± 0.9
7.4 ± 0.21 44 ± 3
Abandoned
land
43 ± 42
5.0 ± 0.5 0.28 ± 0.03
9.5 ± 1.5
7.0 ± 0.33 33 ± 5
Fruit trees d
Conventional
treated
34 ± 17
2.2 ± 0.2 0.18 ± 0.01
8.3 ± 0.6
6.7 ± 0.13 37 ± 2
Organic
farmed
75 ± 29
2.8 ± 0.4 0.19 ± 0.02
8.6 ± 1.1
7.0 ± 0.25 33 ± 4
Extensive
fallow
135 ± 24
3.4 ± 0.3 0.21 ± 0.02 10.0 ± 0.9
7.4 ± 0.19 44 ± 3
Abandoned
land
31 ± 48
4.0 ± 0.5 0.20 ± 0.03 11.5 ± 1.6
6.0 ± 0.37 33 ± 6
a Cereals (n = 37) + cotton (n = 12) + vegetable (n = 17) + legumes (n = 3) + pastures (n = 4)
b Convential (n = 25) + organic (n = 13) + extensive fallow (n = 37) + abandoned land (n = 15)
c Convential (n = 4) + organic (n = 15) + extensive fallow (n = 13) + abandoned land (n = 6)
d Citrus n = 33: conventional n = 9, organic n = 15, fallow n = 4; Chest-, Wallnut n = 8
e Pistacia n = 5; Magnolia n = 2; Oak forest and Macchia n = 6