Pull-Out Tests and Numerical Simulations …
57
In the next series of the tests, the numerical analysis concerned three-layer block
elements with an anchor bonded in at an angle of 60°. In this model, initially, the
pull-out force increased with a 0.05 kN step, until it reached 0.5 kN. The beginning
of displacement was from a force value of 0.25 kN and 0.01 mm. Another increase in
the value of the pulling force is a step of 0.9 to 1.40 kN and displacement of 0.02 mm.
The next steps in the pull-out force were constant until the limit value was reached
and increased by 1.40 kN, up to a force of 14.00 kN and a displacement value of
0.11 mm (Fig. 16).
The comparative model of anchoring at an angle of 60° leaded to the similar
approach procedure in numerical simulation, but the final stage, i.e. the destruction
of the connection of the adhesive anchor with the concrete block elements, differed
for a maximum pull-out force of 14.00 kN, larger final displacement that reached
value 0.19 mm (Fig. 17).
Another series of tests of the load capacity of bonded anchors in block models
with anchorages anchored at an angle of 45°.
In the both calculated models of this series, the stroke through the entire numerical
simulation was the same until reaching the destructive force of the connection and
had a value of 1 kN.
11,25
14,00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
0,14
Displacement [mm]
Force [kN]
destructive force - the result of the experiment
ANSYS - the result of numerical simulation
Fig. 16 Comparison of the results of the experimental tests and the numerical simulation of an
anchor bonded at an angle of 60° to the surface of the block model
9,10
14,00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
Displacement [mm]
Force [kN]
destructive force - the result of the experiment
ANSYS - the result of numerical simulation
Fig. 17 Comparison of the results of the experimental tests and the numerical simulation of an
anchor bonded at an angle of 60° to the surface of the block model
57
In the next series of the tests, the numerical analysis concerned three-layer block
elements with an anchor bonded in at an angle of 60°. In this model, initially, the
pull-out force increased with a 0.05 kN step, until it reached 0.5 kN. The beginning
of displacement was from a force value of 0.25 kN and 0.01 mm. Another increase in
the value of the pulling force is a step of 0.9 to 1.40 kN and displacement of 0.02 mm.
The next steps in the pull-out force were constant until the limit value was reached
and increased by 1.40 kN, up to a force of 14.00 kN and a displacement value of
0.11 mm (Fig. 16).
The comparative model of anchoring at an angle of 60° leaded to the similar
approach procedure in numerical simulation, but the final stage, i.e. the destruction
of the connection of the adhesive anchor with the concrete block elements, differed
for a maximum pull-out force of 14.00 kN, larger final displacement that reached
value 0.19 mm (Fig. 17).
Another series of tests of the load capacity of bonded anchors in block models
with anchorages anchored at an angle of 45°.
In the both calculated models of this series, the stroke through the entire numerical
simulation was the same until reaching the destructive force of the connection and
had a value of 1 kN.
11,25
14,00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,1
0,12
0,14
Displacement [mm]
Force [kN]
destructive force - the result of the experiment
ANSYS - the result of numerical simulation
Fig. 16 Comparison of the results of the experimental tests and the numerical simulation of an
anchor bonded at an angle of 60° to the surface of the block model
9,10
14,00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
Displacement [mm]
Force [kN]
destructive force - the result of the experiment
ANSYS - the result of numerical simulation
Fig. 17 Comparison of the results of the experimental tests and the numerical simulation of an
anchor bonded at an angle of 60° to the surface of the block model