Joffres, B., Laurenti, D., Charon, N., Daudin, A., Quignard, A., &
Geantet, C. (2013). Thermochemical conversion of lignin for fuels
and chemicals: A review, Oil & Gas Science and Technology—
Rev. IFP New Energies, 68, 753–763. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/
2013132.
Kabyemela, B. M., Adschiri, T., Malaluan, R. M., & Arai, K. (1997).
Kinetics of glucose epimerization and decomposition in subcritical
and supercritical water. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Research, 36, 1552–1558. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie960250h.
Kaparaju, P., Serrano, M., Thomsen, A. B., Kongjan, P., & Angelidaki,
I. (2009). Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from
wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresource Technology, 100,
2562–2568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.011.
Knez, Ž., Hrnčič, M. K., Čolnik, M., & Škerget, M. (2018). Chemicals
and value added compounds from biomass using sub- and
supercritical water. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 133, 591–602.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.011.
Kruse, A. (2008). Supercritical water gasification. Biofuels Bioprod
Biorefining, 2, 415–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.93.
Kruse, A., & Dinjus, E. (2007). Hot compressed water as reaction
medium and reactant properties and synthesis reactions. Journal of
Supercritical Fluids, 39, 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.
2006.03.016.
Laser, M., Jin, H., Jayawardhana, K., & Lynd, L. R. (2009).
Coproduction of ethanol and power from switchgrass. Biofuels,
Bioproducts and Biorefining, 3, 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1002/
bbb.133.
Leow, S., Witter, J. R., Vardon, D. R., Sharma, B. K., Guest, J. S., &
Strathmann, T. J. (2015). Prediction of microalgae hydrothermal
liquefaction products from feedstock biochemical composition.
Green Chemistry, 17, 3584–3599. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C5GC00574D.
Li, L., Coppola, E., Rine, J., Miller, J. L., & Walker, D. (2010).
Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion of Triglycerides to Non-ester
Biofuels. Energy & Fuels, 24, 1305–1315. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ef901163a.
Li, C., Yang, X., Zhang, Z., Zhou, D., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., & Chen,
J. (2013). Hydrothermal liquefaction of desert shrub salix psammophila to high value-added chemicals and hydrochar with recycled
processing water. BioResources, 8(2), 2981–2997. https://doi.org/
10.15376/biores.8.2.2981-2997.
Li, Y., Leow, S., Fedders, A. C., Sharma, B. K., Guest, J. S., &
Strathmann, T. J. (2017). Quantitative multiphase model for
hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass. Green Chemistry, 19,
1163–1174. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC03294J.
Lipinsky, E. S. (1981). Chemicals from biomass: Petrochemical
substitution options. Science, 212, 1465–1471. https://doi.org/10.
1126/science.212.4502.1465.
Lu, J., Brown, J. S., Liotta, C. L., & Eckert, C. A. (2001). Polarity and
hydrogen bonding of ambient to near-critical water: Kamlet–Taft
solvent parameters. Chem Commun, 665–666. https://doi.org/10.
1039/B100425P.
Luijkx, G. C. A., van Rantwijk, F., & van Bekkum, H. (1993).
Hydrothermal
formation
of
1,2,4-benzenetriol
from
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and D-fructose. Carbohydrate
Research, 242, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(93)
80027-C.
Lynd, L. R., Larson, E., Greene, N., Laser, M., Sheehan, J., Dale, B. E.,
et al. (2009). The role of biomass in America’s energy future:
Framing the analysis. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 3,
113–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.134.
Maddi, B., Panisko, E., Wietsma, T., Lemmon, T., Swita, M., &
Albrecht, K. (2016). Quantitative characterization of the aqueous
fraction from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. Biomass Bioenergy, 93, 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.07.010.
Maddi, B., Panisko, E., Albrecht, K., & Howe, D. (2016b). Qualitative
characterization of the aqueous fraction from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae Using 2D gas chromatography with time-of-flight
mass spectrometry. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 109, 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.3791/53634.
Maddi, B., Panisko, E., Wietsma, T., Lemmon, T., Swita, M., Albrecht,
K., et al. (2017). Quantitative characterization of aqueous byproducts from hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal wastes, food
industry wastes, and biomass grown on waste. ACS Sustainable
Chemistry and Engineering, 5(3), 2205–2214. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acssuschemeng.6b02367.
Madsen, R. B., Biller, P., Jensen, M. M., Becker, J., Iversen, B. B., &
Glasius, M. (2016). Predicting the Chemical Composition of
Aqueous Phase from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Model Compounds and Biomasses. Energy & Fuels, 30(12), 10470–10483.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02007.
Maity, S. K. (2015). Opportunities, recent Trends and challenges of
Integrated Biorefinery: Part I. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 43, 1427–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.092.
Malins, K., Kampars, V., Brinks, J., Neibolte, I., Murnieks, R., &
Kampare, R. (2015). Bio-oil from thermo-chemical hydro liquefaction of wet sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 187, 23–29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.093.
Marcus, Y. (2014). Hydrogen bonding in supercritical water. In Z. Fang
& C. Xu (Eds.), Near-critical and supercritical water and their
applications for biorefineries (Vol. 2, pp. 3–40). Dordrecht:
Springer.
Matsumura, Y., Yanachi, S., & Yoshida, T. (2006). Glucose decomposition kinetics in water at 25 MPa in the temperature range of
448–673 K. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45,
1875–1879. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie050830r.
McGraw, G. W., Hemingway, R. W., Ingram, L. L., Canady, C. S., &
McGraw, W. B. (1999). Thermal Degradation of Terpenes:
Camphene, D3-Carene, Limonene, and a-Terpinene. Environmental
Science and Technology, 33, 4029–4033. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es9810641.
McKendry, P. (2002). Energy production from biomass. Part 1:
overview of biomass. Bioresource Technology, 83, 37–46. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00118-3.
Minami, K., Mizuta, M., Suzuki, M., Aizawa, T., & Arai, K. (2006).
Determination of Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters p* of high
pressure and supercritical water by the UV-Vis absorption spectral
shift of 4-nitroanisole. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 8,
2257–2264. https://doi.org/10.1039/B516862G.
Mok, W. S. L., & Antal, M. J., Jr. (1992). Uncatalyzed solvolysis of
whole biomass hemicellulose by hot compressed liquid water.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 31, 1157–1161.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00004a026.
Möller, M., Nilges, P., Harnisch, F., & Schröder, U. (2011). Subcritical
water as reaction environment: Fundamentals of hydrothermal
biomass transformation. Chemsuschem, 4, 566–579. https://doi.org/
10.1002/cssc.201000341.
Neset, T. S. S., & Cordell, D. (2012). Global phosphorus scarcity:
Identifying synergies for a sustainable future. Journal of the Science
of Food and Agriculture, 92(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.
4650.
Oasmaa, A., & Johansson, A. (1993). Catalytic hydrotreating of lignin
with water-soluble molybdenum catalyst. Energy & Fuels, 7, 426–
429. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00039a015.
Octave, S., & Thomas, D. (2009). Biorefinery: Toward an industrial
metabolism. Biochimie, 91, 659–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biochi.2009.03.015.
Öhrman, O. G. W., Weiland, F., Pettersson, E., Johansson, A.-C.,
Hedman, H., & Pedersen, M. (2013). Pressurized oxygen blown
entrained flow gasification of a biorefinery lignin residue. Fuel
42
K. Sharma et al.
Geantet, C. (2013). Thermochemical conversion of lignin for fuels
and chemicals: A review, Oil & Gas Science and Technology—
Rev. IFP New Energies, 68, 753–763. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/
2013132.
Kabyemela, B. M., Adschiri, T., Malaluan, R. M., & Arai, K. (1997).
Kinetics of glucose epimerization and decomposition in subcritical
and supercritical water. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Research, 36, 1552–1558. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie960250h.
Kaparaju, P., Serrano, M., Thomsen, A. B., Kongjan, P., & Angelidaki,
I. (2009). Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from
wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresource Technology, 100,
2562–2568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.011.
Knez, Ž., Hrnčič, M. K., Čolnik, M., & Škerget, M. (2018). Chemicals
and value added compounds from biomass using sub- and
supercritical water. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 133, 591–602.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2017.08.011.
Kruse, A. (2008). Supercritical water gasification. Biofuels Bioprod
Biorefining, 2, 415–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.93.
Kruse, A., & Dinjus, E. (2007). Hot compressed water as reaction
medium and reactant properties and synthesis reactions. Journal of
Supercritical Fluids, 39, 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.
2006.03.016.
Laser, M., Jin, H., Jayawardhana, K., & Lynd, L. R. (2009).
Coproduction of ethanol and power from switchgrass. Biofuels,
Bioproducts and Biorefining, 3, 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1002/
bbb.133.
Leow, S., Witter, J. R., Vardon, D. R., Sharma, B. K., Guest, J. S., &
Strathmann, T. J. (2015). Prediction of microalgae hydrothermal
liquefaction products from feedstock biochemical composition.
Green Chemistry, 17, 3584–3599. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C5GC00574D.
Li, L., Coppola, E., Rine, J., Miller, J. L., & Walker, D. (2010).
Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion of Triglycerides to Non-ester
Biofuels. Energy & Fuels, 24, 1305–1315. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ef901163a.
Li, C., Yang, X., Zhang, Z., Zhou, D., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., & Chen,
J. (2013). Hydrothermal liquefaction of desert shrub salix psammophila to high value-added chemicals and hydrochar with recycled
processing water. BioResources, 8(2), 2981–2997. https://doi.org/
10.15376/biores.8.2.2981-2997.
Li, Y., Leow, S., Fedders, A. C., Sharma, B. K., Guest, J. S., &
Strathmann, T. J. (2017). Quantitative multiphase model for
hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass. Green Chemistry, 19,
1163–1174. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6GC03294J.
Lipinsky, E. S. (1981). Chemicals from biomass: Petrochemical
substitution options. Science, 212, 1465–1471. https://doi.org/10.
1126/science.212.4502.1465.
Lu, J., Brown, J. S., Liotta, C. L., & Eckert, C. A. (2001). Polarity and
hydrogen bonding of ambient to near-critical water: Kamlet–Taft
solvent parameters. Chem Commun, 665–666. https://doi.org/10.
1039/B100425P.
Luijkx, G. C. A., van Rantwijk, F., & van Bekkum, H. (1993).
Hydrothermal
formation
of
1,2,4-benzenetriol
from
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde and D-fructose. Carbohydrate
Research, 242, 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(93)
80027-C.
Lynd, L. R., Larson, E., Greene, N., Laser, M., Sheehan, J., Dale, B. E.,
et al. (2009). The role of biomass in America’s energy future:
Framing the analysis. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 3,
113–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.134.
Maddi, B., Panisko, E., Wietsma, T., Lemmon, T., Swita, M., &
Albrecht, K. (2016). Quantitative characterization of the aqueous
fraction from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. Biomass Bioenergy, 93, 122-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.07.010.
Maddi, B., Panisko, E., Albrecht, K., & Howe, D. (2016b). Qualitative
characterization of the aqueous fraction from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae Using 2D gas chromatography with time-of-flight
mass spectrometry. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 109, 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.3791/53634.
Maddi, B., Panisko, E., Wietsma, T., Lemmon, T., Swita, M., Albrecht,
K., et al. (2017). Quantitative characterization of aqueous byproducts from hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal wastes, food
industry wastes, and biomass grown on waste. ACS Sustainable
Chemistry and Engineering, 5(3), 2205–2214. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acssuschemeng.6b02367.
Madsen, R. B., Biller, P., Jensen, M. M., Becker, J., Iversen, B. B., &
Glasius, M. (2016). Predicting the Chemical Composition of
Aqueous Phase from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Model Compounds and Biomasses. Energy & Fuels, 30(12), 10470–10483.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02007.
Maity, S. K. (2015). Opportunities, recent Trends and challenges of
Integrated Biorefinery: Part I. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 43, 1427–1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.092.
Malins, K., Kampars, V., Brinks, J., Neibolte, I., Murnieks, R., &
Kampare, R. (2015). Bio-oil from thermo-chemical hydro liquefaction of wet sewage sludge. Bioresource Technology, 187, 23–29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.093.
Marcus, Y. (2014). Hydrogen bonding in supercritical water. In Z. Fang
& C. Xu (Eds.), Near-critical and supercritical water and their
applications for biorefineries (Vol. 2, pp. 3–40). Dordrecht:
Springer.
Matsumura, Y., Yanachi, S., & Yoshida, T. (2006). Glucose decomposition kinetics in water at 25 MPa in the temperature range of
448–673 K. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 45,
1875–1879. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie050830r.
McGraw, G. W., Hemingway, R. W., Ingram, L. L., Canady, C. S., &
McGraw, W. B. (1999). Thermal Degradation of Terpenes:
Camphene, D3-Carene, Limonene, and a-Terpinene. Environmental
Science and Technology, 33, 4029–4033. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es9810641.
McKendry, P. (2002). Energy production from biomass. Part 1:
overview of biomass. Bioresource Technology, 83, 37–46. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00118-3.
Minami, K., Mizuta, M., Suzuki, M., Aizawa, T., & Arai, K. (2006).
Determination of Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters p* of high
pressure and supercritical water by the UV-Vis absorption spectral
shift of 4-nitroanisole. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 8,
2257–2264. https://doi.org/10.1039/B516862G.
Mok, W. S. L., & Antal, M. J., Jr. (1992). Uncatalyzed solvolysis of
whole biomass hemicellulose by hot compressed liquid water.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 31, 1157–1161.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00004a026.
Möller, M., Nilges, P., Harnisch, F., & Schröder, U. (2011). Subcritical
water as reaction environment: Fundamentals of hydrothermal
biomass transformation. Chemsuschem, 4, 566–579. https://doi.org/
10.1002/cssc.201000341.
Neset, T. S. S., & Cordell, D. (2012). Global phosphorus scarcity:
Identifying synergies for a sustainable future. Journal of the Science
of Food and Agriculture, 92(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.
4650.
Oasmaa, A., & Johansson, A. (1993). Catalytic hydrotreating of lignin
with water-soluble molybdenum catalyst. Energy & Fuels, 7, 426–
429. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00039a015.
Octave, S., & Thomas, D. (2009). Biorefinery: Toward an industrial
metabolism. Biochimie, 91, 659–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biochi.2009.03.015.
Öhrman, O. G. W., Weiland, F., Pettersson, E., Johansson, A.-C.,
Hedman, H., & Pedersen, M. (2013). Pressurized oxygen blown
entrained flow gasification of a biorefinery lignin residue. Fuel
42
K. Sharma et al.