Processing Technology, 115, 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuproc.2013.04.009.
Onwudili, J. A., Lea-Langton, A. R., Ross, A. B., & Williams, P. T.
(2013). Catalytic hydrothermal gasification of algae for hydrogen
production: Composition of reaction products and potential for
nutrient recycling. Bioresource Technology, 127, 72–80. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.020.
Pedersen, T. H., Jasiūnas, L., Casamassima, L., Singh, S., Jensen, T., &
Rosendahl, L. A. (2015). Synergetic hydrothermal co-liquefaction
of crude glycerol and aspen wood. Energy Conversion and
Management, 106, 886–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.
2015.10.165.
Pedersen, T. H., Grigoras, I. F., Hoffmann, J., Toor, S. S., Daraban, I.
M., Jensen, C. U., et al. (2016). Continuous hydrothermal
co-liquefaction of aspen wood and glycerol with water phase
recirculation. Applied Energy, 162, 1034–1041. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.165.
Peterson, A. A., Vogel, F., Lachance, R. P., Fröling, M., Antal, M. J., &
Tester, J. W. (2008a). Thermochemical biofuel production in
hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water
technologies. Energy & Environmental Science, 1, 32–65. https://
doi.org/10.1039/B810100K.
Peterson, A. A., Vogel, F., Lachance, R. P., Fröling, M., Antal, Jr.
M. J., & Tester, J. W. (2008). Thermochemical biofuel production
in hydrothermal media: a review of sub- and supercritical water
technologies. Energy & Environmental Science, 1(32). https://doi.
org/10.1039/b810100k.
Pinkowska, H., Wolak, P., & Zocinska, A. (2012). Hydrothermal
decomposition of alkali lignin in sub- and supercritical water.
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 187, 410–414. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.092.
Qi, J., & Xiuyang, L. (2007). Kinetics of non-catalyzed decomposition
of D-xylose in high temperature liquid water. The Chinese Journal
of Chemical Engineering, 15, 666–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1004-9541(07)60143-8.
Quitain, A., Sato, N., Daimon, H., & Fujie, K. (2001). Production of
valuable materials by hydrothermal treatment of shrimp shells.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 40, 5885–5888.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ie010439f.
Quitain, A. T., Sato, N., Daimon, H., & Fujie, K. (2003). Qualitative
Investigation on Hydrothermal Treatment of Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) Bark for Production of Useful Chemicals. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 7926–7929. https://doi.org/
10.1021/jf021014m.
Quitain, A. T., Daimon, H., Fujie, K., Katoh, S., & Moriyoshi, T.
(2006). Microwave-assisted hydrothermal degradation of silk
protein to amino acids. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Research, 45, 4471–4474. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0580699.
Ramos-Tercero, E. A., Bertucco, A., & Brilman, D. W. F. (2015).
Process water recycle in hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae to
enhance bio-oil yield. Energy & Fuels, 29(4), 2422–2430. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ef50277.
Reddy, H. K., Muppaneni, T., & Deng, S. (2015). Sub and supercritical
fluid technologies for the production of renewable (Bio) transportation Fuels, 163–181. https://doi.org/10.5772/59818.
Rogalinski, T., Herrmann, S., & Brunner, G. (2005). Production of
amino acids from bovine serum albumin by continuous sub-critical
water hydrolysis. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 36, 49–58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2005.03.001.
Román-Leshkov, Y., Barrett, C. J., Liu, Z. Y., & Dumesic, J. A. (2007).
Production of dimethyl furan for liquid fuels from biomass-derived
carbohydrates. Nature, 447, 982–985. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature05923.
Ross, A. B., Biller, P., Kubacki, M. L., Li, H., Lea-Langton, A., &
Jones, J. M. (2010). Hydrothermal processing of microalgae using
alkali and organic acids. Fuel, 89(9), 2234–2243. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.fuel.2010.01.025.
Russell, J., Miller, R., & Molton, P. (1983). Formation of aromatic
compounds from condensation reactions of cellulose degradation
products. Biomass, 3, 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565
(83)90007-0.
Saisu, M., Sato, T., Watanabe, M., Adschiri, T., & Arai, K. (2003).
Conversion of lignin with supercritical water–phenol mixtures.
Energy & Fuels, 17, 922–928. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0202844.
Sasaki, M., Kabyemela, B., Malaluan, R., Hirose, S., Takeda, N.,
Adschiri, T., et al. (1998). Cellulose hydrolysis in subcritical and
supercritical water. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 13, 261–268.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(98)00060-6.
Sasaki, M., Fang, Z., Fukushima, Y., Adschiri, T., & Arai, K. (2000).
Dissolution and hydrolysis of cellulose in subcritical and supercritical water. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 39,
2883–2890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990690j.
Saxena, R. C., Adhikari, D. K., & Goyal, H. B. (2009). Biomass-based
energy fuel through biochemical routes: a review. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.rser.2007.07.011.
Shakya, R., Whelen, J., Adhikari, S., Mahadevan, R., & Neupane, S.
(2015). Effect of temperature and Na 2 CO 3 catalyst on hydrothermal
liquefaction of algae. Algal Research, 12, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.algal.2015.08.006.
Shaw, R. W., Brill, T. B., Clifford, A. A., Eckert, C. A., & Franck, E.
U. (1991). Supercritical water a medium for chemistry. Chemical &
Engineering News, 69, 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/cenv069n051.p026.
Sheehan, J. D., & Savage, P. E. (2017). Modeling the effects of
microalga biochemical content on the kinetics and biocrude yields
from hydrothermal liquefaction. Bioresource Technology, 239,
144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.013.
Sheng, L., Wang, X., & Yang, X. (2018). Prediction model of biocrude
yield and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds analysis by hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with model compounds. Bioresource
Technology, 247, 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.
011.
Shuping, Z., Yulong, W., Mingde, Y., Kaleem, I., Chun, L., & Tong,
J. (2010). Production and characterization of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta cake. Energy,
35(12), 5406–5411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.07.013.
Singh, P. P., & Saldaña, M. D. A. (2011). Subcritical water extraction
of phenolic compounds from potato peel. Food Research International, 44, 2452–2458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.
006.
Srokol, Z., Bouche, A.-G., Estrik, A. V., Strik, R. C., Maschmeyer, T.,
& Peters, J. A. (2004). Hydrothermal upgrading of biomass to
biofuel; studies on some monosaccharide model compounds.
Carbohydrate Research, 339, 1717–1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.carres.2004.04.018.
Tekin, K., Karagöz, S., & Bektaş, S. (2014). A review of hydrothermal
biomass processing. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
40, 673–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.216.
Teri, G., Luo, L., & Savage, P. E. (2014). Hydrothermal treatment of
protein, polysaccharide, and lipids alone and in mixtures. Energy
Fuels, 28, 7501–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef501760d.
Tommaso, G., Chen, W. T., Li, P., Schideman, L., & Zhang, Y. (2015).
Chemical characterization and anaerobic biodegradability of
hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous products from mixed-culture
Green and Sustainable Biomass Processing for Fuels and Chemicals
43
fuproc.2013.04.009.
Onwudili, J. A., Lea-Langton, A. R., Ross, A. B., & Williams, P. T.
(2013). Catalytic hydrothermal gasification of algae for hydrogen
production: Composition of reaction products and potential for
nutrient recycling. Bioresource Technology, 127, 72–80. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.020.
Pedersen, T. H., Jasiūnas, L., Casamassima, L., Singh, S., Jensen, T., &
Rosendahl, L. A. (2015). Synergetic hydrothermal co-liquefaction
of crude glycerol and aspen wood. Energy Conversion and
Management, 106, 886–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.
2015.10.165.
Pedersen, T. H., Grigoras, I. F., Hoffmann, J., Toor, S. S., Daraban, I.
M., Jensen, C. U., et al. (2016). Continuous hydrothermal
co-liquefaction of aspen wood and glycerol with water phase
recirculation. Applied Energy, 162, 1034–1041. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.165.
Peterson, A. A., Vogel, F., Lachance, R. P., Fröling, M., Antal, M. J., &
Tester, J. W. (2008a). Thermochemical biofuel production in
hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water
technologies. Energy & Environmental Science, 1, 32–65. https://
doi.org/10.1039/B810100K.
Peterson, A. A., Vogel, F., Lachance, R. P., Fröling, M., Antal, Jr.
M. J., & Tester, J. W. (2008). Thermochemical biofuel production
in hydrothermal media: a review of sub- and supercritical water
technologies. Energy & Environmental Science, 1(32). https://doi.
org/10.1039/b810100k.
Pinkowska, H., Wolak, P., & Zocinska, A. (2012). Hydrothermal
decomposition of alkali lignin in sub- and supercritical water.
Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 187, 410–414. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.01.092.
Qi, J., & Xiuyang, L. (2007). Kinetics of non-catalyzed decomposition
of D-xylose in high temperature liquid water. The Chinese Journal
of Chemical Engineering, 15, 666–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1004-9541(07)60143-8.
Quitain, A., Sato, N., Daimon, H., & Fujie, K. (2001). Production of
valuable materials by hydrothermal treatment of shrimp shells.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 40, 5885–5888.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ie010439f.
Quitain, A. T., Sato, N., Daimon, H., & Fujie, K. (2003). Qualitative
Investigation on Hydrothermal Treatment of Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) Bark for Production of Useful Chemicals. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 7926–7929. https://doi.org/
10.1021/jf021014m.
Quitain, A. T., Daimon, H., Fujie, K., Katoh, S., & Moriyoshi, T.
(2006). Microwave-assisted hydrothermal degradation of silk
protein to amino acids. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
Research, 45, 4471–4474. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0580699.
Ramos-Tercero, E. A., Bertucco, A., & Brilman, D. W. F. (2015).
Process water recycle in hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae to
enhance bio-oil yield. Energy & Fuels, 29(4), 2422–2430. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ef50277.
Reddy, H. K., Muppaneni, T., & Deng, S. (2015). Sub and supercritical
fluid technologies for the production of renewable (Bio) transportation Fuels, 163–181. https://doi.org/10.5772/59818.
Rogalinski, T., Herrmann, S., & Brunner, G. (2005). Production of
amino acids from bovine serum albumin by continuous sub-critical
water hydrolysis. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 36, 49–58.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2005.03.001.
Román-Leshkov, Y., Barrett, C. J., Liu, Z. Y., & Dumesic, J. A. (2007).
Production of dimethyl furan for liquid fuels from biomass-derived
carbohydrates. Nature, 447, 982–985. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature05923.
Ross, A. B., Biller, P., Kubacki, M. L., Li, H., Lea-Langton, A., &
Jones, J. M. (2010). Hydrothermal processing of microalgae using
alkali and organic acids. Fuel, 89(9), 2234–2243. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.fuel.2010.01.025.
Russell, J., Miller, R., & Molton, P. (1983). Formation of aromatic
compounds from condensation reactions of cellulose degradation
products. Biomass, 3, 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565
(83)90007-0.
Saisu, M., Sato, T., Watanabe, M., Adschiri, T., & Arai, K. (2003).
Conversion of lignin with supercritical water–phenol mixtures.
Energy & Fuels, 17, 922–928. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0202844.
Sasaki, M., Kabyemela, B., Malaluan, R., Hirose, S., Takeda, N.,
Adschiri, T., et al. (1998). Cellulose hydrolysis in subcritical and
supercritical water. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 13, 261–268.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(98)00060-6.
Sasaki, M., Fang, Z., Fukushima, Y., Adschiri, T., & Arai, K. (2000).
Dissolution and hydrolysis of cellulose in subcritical and supercritical water. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 39,
2883–2890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990690j.
Saxena, R. C., Adhikari, D. K., & Goyal, H. B. (2009). Biomass-based
energy fuel through biochemical routes: a review. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13, 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.rser.2007.07.011.
Shakya, R., Whelen, J., Adhikari, S., Mahadevan, R., & Neupane, S.
(2015). Effect of temperature and Na 2 CO 3 catalyst on hydrothermal
liquefaction of algae. Algal Research, 12, 80–90. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.algal.2015.08.006.
Shaw, R. W., Brill, T. B., Clifford, A. A., Eckert, C. A., & Franck, E.
U. (1991). Supercritical water a medium for chemistry. Chemical &
Engineering News, 69, 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/cenv069n051.p026.
Sheehan, J. D., & Savage, P. E. (2017). Modeling the effects of
microalga biochemical content on the kinetics and biocrude yields
from hydrothermal liquefaction. Bioresource Technology, 239,
144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.013.
Sheng, L., Wang, X., & Yang, X. (2018). Prediction model of biocrude
yield and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds analysis by hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae with model compounds. Bioresource
Technology, 247, 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.
011.
Shuping, Z., Yulong, W., Mingde, Y., Kaleem, I., Chun, L., & Tong,
J. (2010). Production and characterization of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta cake. Energy,
35(12), 5406–5411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.07.013.
Singh, P. P., & Saldaña, M. D. A. (2011). Subcritical water extraction
of phenolic compounds from potato peel. Food Research International, 44, 2452–2458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.
006.
Srokol, Z., Bouche, A.-G., Estrik, A. V., Strik, R. C., Maschmeyer, T.,
& Peters, J. A. (2004). Hydrothermal upgrading of biomass to
biofuel; studies on some monosaccharide model compounds.
Carbohydrate Research, 339, 1717–1726. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.carres.2004.04.018.
Tekin, K., Karagöz, S., & Bektaş, S. (2014). A review of hydrothermal
biomass processing. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
40, 673–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.216.
Teri, G., Luo, L., & Savage, P. E. (2014). Hydrothermal treatment of
protein, polysaccharide, and lipids alone and in mixtures. Energy
Fuels, 28, 7501–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef501760d.
Tommaso, G., Chen, W. T., Li, P., Schideman, L., & Zhang, Y. (2015).
Chemical characterization and anaerobic biodegradability of
hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous products from mixed-culture
Green and Sustainable Biomass Processing for Fuels and Chemicals
43