Kumar, K., Yadav, A. N., Kumar, V., Vyas, P., & Dhaliwal, H. S.
(2017). Food waste: A potential bioresource for extraction of
nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds. Bioresource Bioproducts,
4(1), 18.
Lee, Z. K., Li, S. L., Kuo, P. C., Chen, I. C., Tien, Y. M., Huang, Y. J.,
et al. (2010). Thermophilic bio-energy process study on hydrogen
fermentation with vegetable kitchen waste. International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy, 35(24), 13458–13466.
Lee, S., Posarac, D., & Ellis, N. (2012). An experimental investigation
of biodiesel synthesis from waste canola oil using supercritical
methanol. Fuel, 91(1), 229–237.
Lekha, P. K., & Lonsane, B. K. (1997). Production and application of
tannin acyl hydrolase: State of the art. Advances in Applied
Microbiology, 44(1997), 215–260.
Leong, L. P., & Shui, G. (2002). An investigation of antioxidant
capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chemistry, 76(1), 69–
75.
Levin, D. B., Pitt, L., & Love, M. (2004). Biohydrogen production:
Prospects and limitations to practical application. International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29(2), 173–185.
Li, Y., Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J., & Cheng, S. (2006).
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in
comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry, 96(2),
254–260.
Lu, Y., Ding, Y., & Wu, Q. (2011). Simultaneous saccharification of
cassava starch and fermentation of algae for biodiesel production.
Journal of Applied Phycology, 23(1), 115–121.
Lun, O. K., Wai, T. B., & Ling, L. S. (2014). Pineapple cannery waste
as a potential substrate for microbial biotransformation to produce
vanillic acid and vanillin. International Food Research Journal, 21
(3), 953–958.
Malav, A., Meena, S., Sharma, M., Sharma, M., & Dube, P. (2017).
A critical review on single cell protein production using different
substrates. International Journal of Development Research, 7(11),
16682–16687.
Malgas, S., van Dyk, J. S., & Pletschke, B. I. (2015). A review of the
enzymatic hydrolysis of mannans and synergistic interactions
between b-mannanase, b-mannosidase and a-galactosidase. World
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 31(8), 1167–1175.
Mann, J. I., & Cummings, J. H. (2009). Possible implications for health
of the different definitions of dietary fibre. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, 19(3), 226–229.
Martinez, F. A. C., Balciunas, E. M., Salgado, J. M., Domínguez-González, J. M., Converti, A., & de Oliveira, R. P. S. (2013). Lactic
acid properties, applications and production: A review. Trends in
Food Science and Technology, 30(1), 70–83.
Martins, S., Mussatto, S. I., Martinez-Avila, G., Montanez-Saenz, J.,
Aguilar, C. N., & Teixeira, J. A. (2011). Bioactive phenolic
compounds: Production and extraction by solid-state fermentation a
review. Biotechnology Advances, 29(3), 365–373.
Max, B., Salgado, J. M., Rodríguez, N., Cortés, S., Converti, A., &
Domínguez, J. M. (2010). Biotechnological production of citric
acid. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41(4), 862–875.
Metha, D., & Satyanarayana, T. (2016). Bacterial and archaeal
a-Amylases: Diversity and Amelioration of the desirable characteristics for industrial applications. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7
(2016), 1129.
Mondal, A. K., Sengupta, S., Bhowal, J., & Bhattacharya, D. K. (2012).
Utilization of fruits wastes in producing single cell protein.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,
1(5), 430–438.
Muniraj, I. K., Uthandi, S. K., Hu, Z., Xiao, L., & Zhan, X. (2015).
Microbial lipid production from renewable and waste materials for
second-generation biodiesel feedstock. Environmental Technology
Review, 4(1), 1–16.
Mushimiyimana, I., & Tallapragada, P. (2016). Bioethanol production
from agro wastes by acid hydrolysis and fermentation process.
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 75(06), 383–388.
Mushtaq, Q., Irfan, M., Tabssum, F., & Iqbal-Qazi, J. (2017). Potato
peels: A potential food waste for amylase production. The Journal of Food Process Engineering, 40(4), e12512.
Najafpour, G. D. (2007). Downstream processing. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 332–341. Elsevier.
Nampoothiri, K. M., Nair, N. R., & John, R. P. (2010). An overview of
the recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research. Bioresource
Technology, 101(22), 8493–8501.
Nigam, P., & Singh, D. (1994). Solid-state (substrate) fermentation
systems and their applications in biotechnology. Journal of Basic
Microbiology, 34(6), 405–423.
Oelofse S H (2014) Food waste in South Africa: Understanding the
magnitude, water footprint and cost. Alive2green
Onilude, A. A., Fadaunsi, I. F., Garuba, E. O. (2012). Inulinase
production by Saccharomyces sp. in solid state fermentation using
wheat bran as substrate. Annals Microbiology, 62(2), 843–848.
Palafox-Carlos, H., Ayala-Zavala, F., & González-Aguilar, G. A.
(2011). The role of dietary fiber in the bioaccessibility and
bioavailability of fruit and vegetable antioxidants. Journal of Food
Science, 76(1), R6–R15.
Panda, S. K., Mishra, S. S., Kayitesi, E., & Ray, R. C. (2016).
Microbial processing of fruit and vegetable wastes for production of
vital enzymes and organic acids: Biotechnology and scopes.
Environmental Research, 146(2016), 161–172.
Panesar, R., Kaur, S., & Panesar, P. S. (2015). Production of microbial
pigments utilizing agro-industrial waste: A review. Current Opinion in Food Science, 1(2015), 70–76.
Parada, J., & Aguilera, J. M. (2007). Food microstructure affects the
bioavailability of several nutrients. Journal of Food Science, 72(2),
R21–R32.
Pham, T. P. T., Kaushik, R., Parshetti, G. K., Mahmood, R., &
Balasubramanian, R. (2015). Food waste-to-energy conversion
technologies: Current status and future directions. Waste Management, 38(2015), 399–408.
Pickenhagen, W., Velluz, A., Passerat, J. P., & Ohloff, G. (1981).
Estimation of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol)
in cultivated and wild strawberries, pineapples and mangoes.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 32(11), 1132–1134.
Prajapati, V. D., Jani, G. K., & Khanda, S. M. (2013). Pullulan: An
exopolysaccharide and its various applications. Carbohydrate
Polymers, 95(1), 540–549.
Prakasham, R. S., Rao, C. S., & Sarma, P. N. (2006). Green gram husk
—An inexpensive substrate for alkaline protease production by
Bacillus sp. in solid-state fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 97
(13), 1449–1454.
Rahman, S. N. A., Masdar, M. S., Rosli, M. I., Majlan, E. H., Husain,
T., Kamarudin, S. K., et al. (2016). Overview biohydrogen
technologies and application in fuel cell technology. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 66(2016), 137–162.
Ramirez-Arias, A. M., Giraldo, L., & Moreno-Pirajan, J. C. (2018).
Biodiesel synthesis: Use of activated carbon as support of the
catalyst. In Kumar, S., Sani, R. (eds.), Biorefinery of biomass to
biofuels. Biofuel and biorefinery technologies, (pp. 117–152).
Ravindran, R., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2016). Exploitation of food industry
waste for high-value products. Trends in Biotechnology, 34(1), 58–
69.
Raynal, J., Delgenks, J. P., & Moletta, R. (1998). Two phase anaerobic
digestion of solid wastes by a multiple liquefaction reactors process.
Bioresource Technology, 65(1–2), 97–103.
Razzaq, A., Shamsi, S., Ali, A., Ali, Q., Sajjad, M., Malik, A., et al.
(2019). Microbial proteases applications. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7(2019), 110.
Bioconversion of Fruits and Vegetables Wastes …
161
(2017). Food waste: A potential bioresource for extraction of
nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds. Bioresource Bioproducts,
4(1), 18.
Lee, Z. K., Li, S. L., Kuo, P. C., Chen, I. C., Tien, Y. M., Huang, Y. J.,
et al. (2010). Thermophilic bio-energy process study on hydrogen
fermentation with vegetable kitchen waste. International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy, 35(24), 13458–13466.
Lee, S., Posarac, D., & Ellis, N. (2012). An experimental investigation
of biodiesel synthesis from waste canola oil using supercritical
methanol. Fuel, 91(1), 229–237.
Lekha, P. K., & Lonsane, B. K. (1997). Production and application of
tannin acyl hydrolase: State of the art. Advances in Applied
Microbiology, 44(1997), 215–260.
Leong, L. P., & Shui, G. (2002). An investigation of antioxidant
capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chemistry, 76(1), 69–
75.
Levin, D. B., Pitt, L., & Love, M. (2004). Biohydrogen production:
Prospects and limitations to practical application. International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 29(2), 173–185.
Li, Y., Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J., & Cheng, S. (2006).
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in
comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Food Chemistry, 96(2),
254–260.
Lu, Y., Ding, Y., & Wu, Q. (2011). Simultaneous saccharification of
cassava starch and fermentation of algae for biodiesel production.
Journal of Applied Phycology, 23(1), 115–121.
Lun, O. K., Wai, T. B., & Ling, L. S. (2014). Pineapple cannery waste
as a potential substrate for microbial biotransformation to produce
vanillic acid and vanillin. International Food Research Journal, 21
(3), 953–958.
Malav, A., Meena, S., Sharma, M., Sharma, M., & Dube, P. (2017).
A critical review on single cell protein production using different
substrates. International Journal of Development Research, 7(11),
16682–16687.
Malgas, S., van Dyk, J. S., & Pletschke, B. I. (2015). A review of the
enzymatic hydrolysis of mannans and synergistic interactions
between b-mannanase, b-mannosidase and a-galactosidase. World
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 31(8), 1167–1175.
Mann, J. I., & Cummings, J. H. (2009). Possible implications for health
of the different definitions of dietary fibre. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, 19(3), 226–229.
Martinez, F. A. C., Balciunas, E. M., Salgado, J. M., Domínguez-González, J. M., Converti, A., & de Oliveira, R. P. S. (2013). Lactic
acid properties, applications and production: A review. Trends in
Food Science and Technology, 30(1), 70–83.
Martins, S., Mussatto, S. I., Martinez-Avila, G., Montanez-Saenz, J.,
Aguilar, C. N., & Teixeira, J. A. (2011). Bioactive phenolic
compounds: Production and extraction by solid-state fermentation a
review. Biotechnology Advances, 29(3), 365–373.
Max, B., Salgado, J. M., Rodríguez, N., Cortés, S., Converti, A., &
Domínguez, J. M. (2010). Biotechnological production of citric
acid. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41(4), 862–875.
Metha, D., & Satyanarayana, T. (2016). Bacterial and archaeal
a-Amylases: Diversity and Amelioration of the desirable characteristics for industrial applications. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7
(2016), 1129.
Mondal, A. K., Sengupta, S., Bhowal, J., & Bhattacharya, D. K. (2012).
Utilization of fruits wastes in producing single cell protein.
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,
1(5), 430–438.
Muniraj, I. K., Uthandi, S. K., Hu, Z., Xiao, L., & Zhan, X. (2015).
Microbial lipid production from renewable and waste materials for
second-generation biodiesel feedstock. Environmental Technology
Review, 4(1), 1–16.
Mushimiyimana, I., & Tallapragada, P. (2016). Bioethanol production
from agro wastes by acid hydrolysis and fermentation process.
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 75(06), 383–388.
Mushtaq, Q., Irfan, M., Tabssum, F., & Iqbal-Qazi, J. (2017). Potato
peels: A potential food waste for amylase production. The Journal of Food Process Engineering, 40(4), e12512.
Najafpour, G. D. (2007). Downstream processing. Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 332–341. Elsevier.
Nampoothiri, K. M., Nair, N. R., & John, R. P. (2010). An overview of
the recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research. Bioresource
Technology, 101(22), 8493–8501.
Nigam, P., & Singh, D. (1994). Solid-state (substrate) fermentation
systems and their applications in biotechnology. Journal of Basic
Microbiology, 34(6), 405–423.
Oelofse S H (2014) Food waste in South Africa: Understanding the
magnitude, water footprint and cost. Alive2green
Onilude, A. A., Fadaunsi, I. F., Garuba, E. O. (2012). Inulinase
production by Saccharomyces sp. in solid state fermentation using
wheat bran as substrate. Annals Microbiology, 62(2), 843–848.
Palafox-Carlos, H., Ayala-Zavala, F., & González-Aguilar, G. A.
(2011). The role of dietary fiber in the bioaccessibility and
bioavailability of fruit and vegetable antioxidants. Journal of Food
Science, 76(1), R6–R15.
Panda, S. K., Mishra, S. S., Kayitesi, E., & Ray, R. C. (2016).
Microbial processing of fruit and vegetable wastes for production of
vital enzymes and organic acids: Biotechnology and scopes.
Environmental Research, 146(2016), 161–172.
Panesar, R., Kaur, S., & Panesar, P. S. (2015). Production of microbial
pigments utilizing agro-industrial waste: A review. Current Opinion in Food Science, 1(2015), 70–76.
Parada, J., & Aguilera, J. M. (2007). Food microstructure affects the
bioavailability of several nutrients. Journal of Food Science, 72(2),
R21–R32.
Pham, T. P. T., Kaushik, R., Parshetti, G. K., Mahmood, R., &
Balasubramanian, R. (2015). Food waste-to-energy conversion
technologies: Current status and future directions. Waste Management, 38(2015), 399–408.
Pickenhagen, W., Velluz, A., Passerat, J. P., & Ohloff, G. (1981).
Estimation of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol)
in cultivated and wild strawberries, pineapples and mangoes.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 32(11), 1132–1134.
Prajapati, V. D., Jani, G. K., & Khanda, S. M. (2013). Pullulan: An
exopolysaccharide and its various applications. Carbohydrate
Polymers, 95(1), 540–549.
Prakasham, R. S., Rao, C. S., & Sarma, P. N. (2006). Green gram husk
—An inexpensive substrate for alkaline protease production by
Bacillus sp. in solid-state fermentation. Bioresource Technology, 97
(13), 1449–1454.
Rahman, S. N. A., Masdar, M. S., Rosli, M. I., Majlan, E. H., Husain,
T., Kamarudin, S. K., et al. (2016). Overview biohydrogen
technologies and application in fuel cell technology. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 66(2016), 137–162.
Ramirez-Arias, A. M., Giraldo, L., & Moreno-Pirajan, J. C. (2018).
Biodiesel synthesis: Use of activated carbon as support of the
catalyst. In Kumar, S., Sani, R. (eds.), Biorefinery of biomass to
biofuels. Biofuel and biorefinery technologies, (pp. 117–152).
Ravindran, R., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2016). Exploitation of food industry
waste for high-value products. Trends in Biotechnology, 34(1), 58–
69.
Raynal, J., Delgenks, J. P., & Moletta, R. (1998). Two phase anaerobic
digestion of solid wastes by a multiple liquefaction reactors process.
Bioresource Technology, 65(1–2), 97–103.
Razzaq, A., Shamsi, S., Ali, A., Ali, Q., Sajjad, M., Malik, A., et al.
(2019). Microbial proteases applications. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7(2019), 110.
Bioconversion of Fruits and Vegetables Wastes …
161