Lew, J. H., et al. (2020). Vermicomposting of palm oil empty fruit bunch
(EFB) based fertilizer with various organics additives. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 736, 052014.
Liew, W. L., et al. (2015). Conventional methods and emerging
wastewater polishing technologies for palm oil mill effluent
treatment: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 149,
222–235.
Loh, S. K., et al. (2013). Zero discharge treatment technology of palm
oil mill effluent. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 25(3), 273–281.
Lorestani, A. A. Z. (2006). Biological treatment of palm oil effluent
(POME) using an up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF)
bioreactor [TD899. P4 L869 2006 f rb], Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Madaki, Y., & Seng, L. (2013). Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from
Malaysia palm oil mills: Waste or resource. International Journal of
Science, Environment and Technology, 2(6), 1138–1155.
Maheshwari, D. K. (2014). Composting for sustainable agriculture.
Springer International Publishing.
Mahimairaja, S., Bolan, N., & Hedley, M. (1995). Agronomic
effectiveness of poultry manure composts. Communications in Soil
Science and Plant Analysis, 26(11–12), 1843–1861.
May, C. Y. (2012). Malaysia: Economic transformation advances oil
palm industry. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society.
Media Prima. (2017). Celebrating 100 years of Malaysian palm oil
(Part 1). In New Straits Times.
Meegoda, J. N., et al. (2018). A review of the processes, parameters,
and optimization of anaerobic digestion. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 15.
Meijaard, E., et al. (2018). Oil palm and biodiversity: A situation
analysis by the IUCN Oil Palm Task Force.
Monnet, F. (2003). An introduction to anaerobic digestion of organic
wastes.
MPOB. (2019). Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics 2018. 38th ed. 2019,
Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities.
MPOB. (2020). Overview of the Malaysian Oil Palm Industry 2019.
MPOB, M.P.O.B. (2019). Oil palm planted area. http://bepi.mpob.gov.
my/images/area/2019/Area_summary.pdf.
Nambiappan, B., et al. (2018). Malaysia: 100 years of resilient palm oil
economic performance. 30(1), 13–25.
NEPCon. (2018). Malaysia Peninsular Palm Oil Risk Profile, Retrieved
from
https://www.nepcon.org/sourcinghub/palm-oil/palm-oilmalaysia-peninsular.
Nour, A., Nour, A., & Yunus, R. (2013). The performance evaluation
of anaerobic methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) Treatment:
A Review, pp. 86–105.
Nutongkaew, T., et al. (2011). Production of compost from palm oil
mill biogas sludge mixed with palm oil mill wastes and biogas
effluent. In TIChE International Conference Hatyai, Songkhla
Thailand.
OECD. (2019). OECD-FAO Agricultural outlook 2019–2028. OECD.
Omar, N. N., Mustafa, I. S., & Sulaiman, F. (2018). Characterisation of
oil palm frond for bio-oil production. ASM Science Journal, 11(1),
9–22.
Oti, J., et al. (2015). The use of palm kernel shell and ash for concrete
production. International Journal of Civil, Structural, Construction
and Architectural Engineering, 9(3), 210–217.
Pace, M. G., Miller, B. E., & Farrell-Poe, K. L. (1995). The composting
process.
Paradelo, R., Villada, A., & Barral, M. (2011). Reduction of the
short-term availability of copper, lead and zinc in a contaminated
soil amended with municipal solid waste compost. Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 188(1–3), 98–104.
Patel, H., & Madamwar, D. (2002). Effects of temperatures and organic
loading rates on biomethanation of acidic petrochemical wastewater
using an anaerobic upflow fixed-film reactor. Bioresource Technology, 82, 65–71.
Poh, P. E., & Chong, M. F. (2009). Development of anaerobic digestion
methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Bioresource
Technology, 100, 1–9.
Poh, P. E., & Chong, M. F. (2014). Upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket-hollow centered packed bed (UASB-HCPB) reactor for
thermophilic palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Biomass and
Bioenergy, 67, 231–242.
Ramle, S. F. M., et al. (2015). Characterization of parenchyma and
vascular bundle of oil palm trunk as function of storage time.
Raskin, L., et al. (2001). Anaerobic codigestion of municipal solid
waste and biosolids under various mixing conditions—I. Digester
performance. Water Research, 35, 1804–1816.
Ravindra, P. (2015). Advances in bioprocess technology. Springer
International Publishing.
Roslan, A. M., et al. (2014). Investigation of oil palm frond properties
for use as biomaterials and biofuels. Tropical Agriculture and
Development, 58(1), 26–29.
Rosli, F., et al. (2016). A review: Characteristics of oil palm trunk
(OPT) and quality improvement of palm trunk plywood by resin
impregnation. BioResources, 11(2), 5565–5580.
Rosner, H. (2018). Palm oil is unavoidable. Can it be sustainable? In
National Geopraphic.
Rupani, P. F., et al. (2010). Review of current palm oil mill effluent
(POME) treatment methods: Vermicomposting as a sustainable
practice. World Applied Sciences Journal, 11(1), 70–81.
Rynk, R., et al. (1994). On-farm composting handbook. New York:
Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service.
Saelor, S., Kongjan, P., & O-Thong, S. (2017). Biogas production from
anaerobic co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent and empty fruit
bunches. Energy Procedia, 138, 717–722.
Salètes, S., et al. (2004). Ligno-cellulose composting: Case study on
monitoring oil palm residuals. Compost Science & Utilization, 12
(4), 372–382.
Sánchez, E., et al. (2005). Effect of organic loading rate on the stability,
operational parameters and performance of a secondary upflow
anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating piggery waste. Bioresource
Technology, 96, 335–344.
Sánchez, Ó. J., Ospina, D. A., & Montoya, S. (2017). Compost
supplementation with nutrients and microorganisms in composting
process. Waste Management, 69, 136–153.
Schuchardt, F., Darnoko, D., & Guritno, P. (2002). Composting of
empty oil palm fruit bunch (EFB) with simultaneous evaporation of
oil mill waste water (POME). In Proceedings. Bali, Nusa Dua.
Sekaran, S. S., et al. (2019). Characterization of particleboard made
using glutardialdehyde-treated oil palm trunk particles. In AIP
Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing LLC.
Serramiá, N., et al. (2013). Changes in soil humic pools after soil
application of two-phase olive mill waste compost. Geoderma, 192,
21–30.
Sethupathi, S. (2004). Removal of residue oil from palm oil mill effluent
(POME) using chitosan. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Singh, R., et al. (2010). Composting of waste from palm oil mill: A
sustainable waste management practice. Reviews in Environmental
Science and Bio/Technology, 9(4), 331–344.
Singh, G., et al. (2018). Characterization of chicken manure from
manjung region. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering, 458, 012084.
Stichnothe, H., & Schuchardt, F. (2010). Comparison of different
treatment options for palm oil production waste on a life cycle basis.
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(9), 907–
915.
Suhaimi, M., & Ong, H. (2001). Composting empty fruit bunches of oil
palm. Extension Bulletin-Food & Fertilizer Technology Center,
505, 1–8.
142
R. Shamsuddin et al.
(EFB) based fertilizer with various organics additives. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 736, 052014.
Liew, W. L., et al. (2015). Conventional methods and emerging
wastewater polishing technologies for palm oil mill effluent
treatment: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 149,
222–235.
Loh, S. K., et al. (2013). Zero discharge treatment technology of palm
oil mill effluent. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 25(3), 273–281.
Lorestani, A. A. Z. (2006). Biological treatment of palm oil effluent
(POME) using an up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed film (UASFF)
bioreactor [TD899. P4 L869 2006 f rb], Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Madaki, Y., & Seng, L. (2013). Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from
Malaysia palm oil mills: Waste or resource. International Journal of
Science, Environment and Technology, 2(6), 1138–1155.
Maheshwari, D. K. (2014). Composting for sustainable agriculture.
Springer International Publishing.
Mahimairaja, S., Bolan, N., & Hedley, M. (1995). Agronomic
effectiveness of poultry manure composts. Communications in Soil
Science and Plant Analysis, 26(11–12), 1843–1861.
May, C. Y. (2012). Malaysia: Economic transformation advances oil
palm industry. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society.
Media Prima. (2017). Celebrating 100 years of Malaysian palm oil
(Part 1). In New Straits Times.
Meegoda, J. N., et al. (2018). A review of the processes, parameters,
and optimization of anaerobic digestion. International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 15.
Meijaard, E., et al. (2018). Oil palm and biodiversity: A situation
analysis by the IUCN Oil Palm Task Force.
Monnet, F. (2003). An introduction to anaerobic digestion of organic
wastes.
MPOB. (2019). Malaysian Oil Palm Statistics 2018. 38th ed. 2019,
Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities.
MPOB. (2020). Overview of the Malaysian Oil Palm Industry 2019.
MPOB, M.P.O.B. (2019). Oil palm planted area. http://bepi.mpob.gov.
my/images/area/2019/Area_summary.pdf.
Nambiappan, B., et al. (2018). Malaysia: 100 years of resilient palm oil
economic performance. 30(1), 13–25.
NEPCon. (2018). Malaysia Peninsular Palm Oil Risk Profile, Retrieved
from
https://www.nepcon.org/sourcinghub/palm-oil/palm-oilmalaysia-peninsular.
Nour, A., Nour, A., & Yunus, R. (2013). The performance evaluation
of anaerobic methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) Treatment:
A Review, pp. 86–105.
Nutongkaew, T., et al. (2011). Production of compost from palm oil
mill biogas sludge mixed with palm oil mill wastes and biogas
effluent. In TIChE International Conference Hatyai, Songkhla
Thailand.
OECD. (2019). OECD-FAO Agricultural outlook 2019–2028. OECD.
Omar, N. N., Mustafa, I. S., & Sulaiman, F. (2018). Characterisation of
oil palm frond for bio-oil production. ASM Science Journal, 11(1),
9–22.
Oti, J., et al. (2015). The use of palm kernel shell and ash for concrete
production. International Journal of Civil, Structural, Construction
and Architectural Engineering, 9(3), 210–217.
Pace, M. G., Miller, B. E., & Farrell-Poe, K. L. (1995). The composting
process.
Paradelo, R., Villada, A., & Barral, M. (2011). Reduction of the
short-term availability of copper, lead and zinc in a contaminated
soil amended with municipal solid waste compost. Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 188(1–3), 98–104.
Patel, H., & Madamwar, D. (2002). Effects of temperatures and organic
loading rates on biomethanation of acidic petrochemical wastewater
using an anaerobic upflow fixed-film reactor. Bioresource Technology, 82, 65–71.
Poh, P. E., & Chong, M. F. (2009). Development of anaerobic digestion
methods for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Bioresource
Technology, 100, 1–9.
Poh, P. E., & Chong, M. F. (2014). Upflow anaerobic sludge
blanket-hollow centered packed bed (UASB-HCPB) reactor for
thermophilic palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Biomass and
Bioenergy, 67, 231–242.
Ramle, S. F. M., et al. (2015). Characterization of parenchyma and
vascular bundle of oil palm trunk as function of storage time.
Raskin, L., et al. (2001). Anaerobic codigestion of municipal solid
waste and biosolids under various mixing conditions—I. Digester
performance. Water Research, 35, 1804–1816.
Ravindra, P. (2015). Advances in bioprocess technology. Springer
International Publishing.
Roslan, A. M., et al. (2014). Investigation of oil palm frond properties
for use as biomaterials and biofuels. Tropical Agriculture and
Development, 58(1), 26–29.
Rosli, F., et al. (2016). A review: Characteristics of oil palm trunk
(OPT) and quality improvement of palm trunk plywood by resin
impregnation. BioResources, 11(2), 5565–5580.
Rosner, H. (2018). Palm oil is unavoidable. Can it be sustainable? In
National Geopraphic.
Rupani, P. F., et al. (2010). Review of current palm oil mill effluent
(POME) treatment methods: Vermicomposting as a sustainable
practice. World Applied Sciences Journal, 11(1), 70–81.
Rynk, R., et al. (1994). On-farm composting handbook. New York:
Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineering Service.
Saelor, S., Kongjan, P., & O-Thong, S. (2017). Biogas production from
anaerobic co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent and empty fruit
bunches. Energy Procedia, 138, 717–722.
Salètes, S., et al. (2004). Ligno-cellulose composting: Case study on
monitoring oil palm residuals. Compost Science & Utilization, 12
(4), 372–382.
Sánchez, E., et al. (2005). Effect of organic loading rate on the stability,
operational parameters and performance of a secondary upflow
anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating piggery waste. Bioresource
Technology, 96, 335–344.
Sánchez, Ó. J., Ospina, D. A., & Montoya, S. (2017). Compost
supplementation with nutrients and microorganisms in composting
process. Waste Management, 69, 136–153.
Schuchardt, F., Darnoko, D., & Guritno, P. (2002). Composting of
empty oil palm fruit bunch (EFB) with simultaneous evaporation of
oil mill waste water (POME). In Proceedings. Bali, Nusa Dua.
Sekaran, S. S., et al. (2019). Characterization of particleboard made
using glutardialdehyde-treated oil palm trunk particles. In AIP
Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing LLC.
Serramiá, N., et al. (2013). Changes in soil humic pools after soil
application of two-phase olive mill waste compost. Geoderma, 192,
21–30.
Sethupathi, S. (2004). Removal of residue oil from palm oil mill effluent
(POME) using chitosan. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Singh, R., et al. (2010). Composting of waste from palm oil mill: A
sustainable waste management practice. Reviews in Environmental
Science and Bio/Technology, 9(4), 331–344.
Singh, G., et al. (2018). Characterization of chicken manure from
manjung region. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering, 458, 012084.
Stichnothe, H., & Schuchardt, F. (2010). Comparison of different
treatment options for palm oil production waste on a life cycle basis.
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(9), 907–
915.
Suhaimi, M., & Ong, H. (2001). Composting empty fruit bunches of oil
palm. Extension Bulletin-Food & Fertilizer Technology Center,
505, 1–8.
142
R. Shamsuddin et al.