Filtering (cont.)
understanding, 22–26
unregulability theory and, 30–31
URL, 33–39, 52–53, 134
Web 2.0 and, 30, 32, 36–37
Wikipedia and, 29–30
Ford Foundation, 128
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), 94,
117–118
foreign direct investment (FDI), 94, 146
Fortinet, 38, 110
France, 113
content restriction and, 33
Nazi propaganda and, 41, 43, 108
political filtering and, 12
trends in filtering and, 41
Freedom of association, 31–32, 44
Freedom of expression
absolute, 31–32
blogs and, 136–143 (see also Blogs)
information suppression and, 31–41
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR) and, 78–91
limitations of, 80–82
self-determination and, 73
United Nations Human Rights Committee
(UNHRC) and, 79–82, 84, 86–87
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) and, 77–78
U.S. Constitution and, 79
Freedom of religion, 32
Gambling, 10, 12, 88–89
Gay/lesbian content, 10, 12, 44, 47
General Agreement on Trade in Services
(GATS), 88, 100n39
Generative platforms, 50
Geneva Declaration of Principles,97–98
Geocities, 47
Georgia (country of), 144
Germany
content restriction and, 33
Nazi propaganda and, 3, 12, 41, 43, 108
political filtering and, 12
social filtering and, 12
trends in filtering and, 41
user information and, 113
Global citizens, 76
Global Online Freedom Act (GOFA), 118,
121
Gmail, 70
Goldsmith, Jack, 43
Google, 15, 37, 71, 104
Blogspot and, 12, 14, 18, 37, 142
Docs & Spreadsheets, 70
integrated control modes and, 108–109
me-media tools and, 123
overbreadth and, 48
surveillance and, 115
user information and, 111
Wikipedia and, 29
Google Earth, 42, 144
‘‘Great Firewall of China’’ (Murdoch, Clayton,
and Watson), 37, 50
Guardian, The (newspaper), 70
Hacktivists, 127–128, 134–135
Hardware providers, 110
Harvard University, 37, 115
Hezbollah, 130
HIV/AIDS, 44
Hoder, 133
Holocaust, 41
Hong Kong, 263–271
HTTP proxy filtering, 13, 15–18
cache and, 61–62
choke point and, 65
circumventability and, 67–68
cost and, 69
hybrid TCP/IP filtering and, 63–64, 69
mechanism choice and, 61–64
proxy server and, 61–62
reliability and, 68
speed and, 69
system positioning and, 65–66
Human rights
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) and, 91–94,
97
apartheid and, 115, 119
citizen participation and, 40–42
civil society actors and, 133
creativity and, 50
cyberlibertarians and, 30–31
generative information and, 50
440
Index
understanding, 22–26
unregulability theory and, 30–31
URL, 33–39, 52–53, 134
Web 2.0 and, 30, 32, 36–37
Wikipedia and, 29–30
Ford Foundation, 128
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), 94,
117–118
foreign direct investment (FDI), 94, 146
Fortinet, 38, 110
France, 113
content restriction and, 33
Nazi propaganda and, 41, 43, 108
political filtering and, 12
trends in filtering and, 41
Freedom of association, 31–32, 44
Freedom of expression
absolute, 31–32
blogs and, 136–143 (see also Blogs)
information suppression and, 31–41
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR) and, 78–91
limitations of, 80–82
self-determination and, 73
United Nations Human Rights Committee
(UNHRC) and, 79–82, 84, 86–87
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR) and, 77–78
U.S. Constitution and, 79
Freedom of religion, 32
Gambling, 10, 12, 88–89
Gay/lesbian content, 10, 12, 44, 47
General Agreement on Trade in Services
(GATS), 88, 100n39
Generative platforms, 50
Geneva Declaration of Principles,97–98
Geocities, 47
Georgia (country of), 144
Germany
content restriction and, 33
Nazi propaganda and, 3, 12, 41, 43, 108
political filtering and, 12
social filtering and, 12
trends in filtering and, 41
user information and, 113
Global citizens, 76
Global Online Freedom Act (GOFA), 118,
121
Gmail, 70
Goldsmith, Jack, 43
Google, 15, 37, 71, 104
Blogspot and, 12, 14, 18, 37, 142
Docs & Spreadsheets, 70
integrated control modes and, 108–109
me-media tools and, 123
overbreadth and, 48
surveillance and, 115
user information and, 111
Wikipedia and, 29
Google Earth, 42, 144
‘‘Great Firewall of China’’ (Murdoch, Clayton,
and Watson), 37, 50
Guardian, The (newspaper), 70
Hacktivists, 127–128, 134–135
Hardware providers, 110
Harvard University, 37, 115
Hezbollah, 130
HIV/AIDS, 44
Hoder, 133
Holocaust, 41
Hong Kong, 263–271
HTTP proxy filtering, 13, 15–18
cache and, 61–62
choke point and, 65
circumventability and, 67–68
cost and, 69
hybrid TCP/IP filtering and, 63–64, 69
mechanism choice and, 61–64
proxy server and, 61–62
reliability and, 68
speed and, 69
system positioning and, 65–66
Human rights
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) and, 91–94,
97
apartheid and, 115, 119
citizen participation and, 40–42
civil society actors and, 133
creativity and, 50
cyberlibertarians and, 30–31
generative information and, 50
440
Index