Europe, 20
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) and, 93
blogs and, 138
content restriction and, 33
Convention on Cybercrime and, 131
intellectual property rights and, 9
Peace of Westphalia and, 73
regional overview of, 186–196
social filtering and, 12
trends in filtering and, 41
False information, 66–67, 69
Falun Gong, 12, 141
Faris, Robert, 4–27, 33, 107
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 145
Filtering, vii–viii, 3
accountability and, 23–25
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA and), 91–94
automatic, 36–38
blogs and, 12 (see also Blogs)
categories of, 5, 7, 9–12
circumventing of, 34, 46, 67–68
civil society actors and, 133–147
commercial software and, 38–39
comprehensiveness of, 5–6
computer network attacks (CNAs) and,
145–146
consistency and, 12–18
content types and, 35
corporations and, 103–122
cost of, 68–69
country-specific, 20–22
deficiencies of, 44–49
Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks and, 64,
127, 144–146
depth of, 5–8
detectability and, 67
DNS tampering and, 13–18, 33, 57–61, 64–
70
documenting of, 11
domain blocking and, 37–38, 64
elections and, 42, 144–145
error rate and, 66–67
false information and, 66–67, 69
future of, 51–54
global measurement of, 5–27
Global Online Freedom Act (GOFA) and, 118
HTTP proxy, 13–18, 61–69
human rights and, 49 (see also Human
rights)
information suppression and, 31–41
in-stream, 42
intellectual property rights and, 9
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR) and, 79, 82–91
international gateways and, 12–13
international system and, 73–98
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and, 12–18
IP blocking and, 12–18, 33
just-in-time blocking and, 143–146
keywords and, 15, 136, 141, 148n28
language and, 39
law and, 32–34, 82–91 (see also Legal
issues)
legitimate, 44–45
local list and, 11
locus of, 34–35
manual, 36–38
mechanism choice and, 32–34, 58–65
methodology for assessing, 5–6
motives for, 9–12
normative analysis of, 34, 43–51
overbreadth and, 46–48
pervasive, 18
preidentification and, 36
public access points and, 34
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)
and, 66
redirecting and, 15–16
reliability and, 68
scope of, 5–8
scoring of, 18–20
selective, 18
speed of, 68–69
strategies of, 12–18
suspected, 18
system positioning and, 65–66
tactical considerations and, 69–70
targets of, 9–12
TCP/IP, 59–60, 63–64
trade policy and, 88–90
transparency and, 12–18, 40–41
trends in, 41–43
underbreadth and, 48–49
Index
439
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) and, 93
blogs and, 138
content restriction and, 33
Convention on Cybercrime and, 131
intellectual property rights and, 9
Peace of Westphalia and, 73
regional overview of, 186–196
social filtering and, 12
trends in filtering and, 41
False information, 66–67, 69
Falun Gong, 12, 141
Faris, Robert, 4–27, 33, 107
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 145
Filtering, vii–viii, 3
accountability and, 23–25
Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA and), 91–94
automatic, 36–38
blogs and, 12 (see also Blogs)
categories of, 5, 7, 9–12
circumventing of, 34, 46, 67–68
civil society actors and, 133–147
commercial software and, 38–39
comprehensiveness of, 5–6
computer network attacks (CNAs) and,
145–146
consistency and, 12–18
content types and, 35
corporations and, 103–122
cost of, 68–69
country-specific, 20–22
deficiencies of, 44–49
Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks and, 64,
127, 144–146
depth of, 5–8
detectability and, 67
DNS tampering and, 13–18, 33, 57–61, 64–
70
documenting of, 11
domain blocking and, 37–38, 64
elections and, 42, 144–145
error rate and, 66–67
false information and, 66–67, 69
future of, 51–54
global measurement of, 5–27
Global Online Freedom Act (GOFA) and, 118
HTTP proxy, 13–18, 61–69
human rights and, 49 (see also Human
rights)
information suppression and, 31–41
in-stream, 42
intellectual property rights and, 9
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights (ICCPR) and, 79, 82–91
international gateways and, 12–13
international system and, 73–98
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and, 12–18
IP blocking and, 12–18, 33
just-in-time blocking and, 143–146
keywords and, 15, 136, 141, 148n28
language and, 39
law and, 32–34, 82–91 (see also Legal
issues)
legitimate, 44–45
local list and, 11
locus of, 34–35
manual, 36–38
mechanism choice and, 32–34, 58–65
methodology for assessing, 5–6
motives for, 9–12
normative analysis of, 34, 43–51
overbreadth and, 46–48
pervasive, 18
preidentification and, 36
public access points and, 34
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)
and, 66
redirecting and, 15–16
reliability and, 68
scope of, 5–8
scoring of, 18–20
selective, 18
speed of, 68–69
strategies of, 12–18
suspected, 18
system positioning and, 65–66
tactical considerations and, 69–70
targets of, 9–12
TCP/IP, 59–60, 63–64
trade policy and, 88–90
transparency and, 12–18, 40–41
trends in, 41–43
underbreadth and, 48–49
Index
439