7. National Electronics and Computer Technology
Center (NECTEC), Thailand MICT Indicators 2005,
February 2005, pp. 28, 41, http://iir.ngi.nectec.or.th/
download/indicator2005.pdf.
8. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., ThailandInternet, 2006, p. 1.
9. National Electronics and Computer Technology
Center (NECTEC), Thailand MICT Indicators 2005,
February 2005, http://iir.ngi.nectec.or.th/download/
indicator2005.pdf.
10. Ibid.
11. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd.,
Telecommunication Sector Snapshot: Thailand,
2006.
12. National Electronics and Computer Technology
Center (NECTEC), Internet Network
Infrastructure:Thailand’s Perspective, January 10,
2002, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/
documents/APCITY/UNPAN012808.pdf.
13. Internet Connectivity in Thailand, December 2006,
http://iir.ngi.nectec.or.th/internet/map/current.html.
14. Reporters Without Borders, Internet Under
Surveillance 2004: Thailand, http://www.rsf.org/
article.php3?id_article=10777.
15. Articles 37, 39, 58, 59. See Article 19, Freedom of
Expression and the Media in Thailand, December
2005, p. 38.
16. Article 8, Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand,
adopted October 11, 1997; Article 1, Constitution of
the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim Edition), adopted
October 1, 2006.
17. Asia Human Rights Commission, Update on Urgent
Appeal, April 10, 2006,
http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/mainfile.php/2006/1651/.
18. Article 19, Freedom of Expression and the Media in
Thailand, December 2005, p. 75.
19. For example, the Midnight University Web site and
forum (www.midnightuniv.org) was blocked in July
2006 on claims of lèse majesté, although it was
accessible at time of testing. See Bangkok Post,
“Web board banned, claim of lese majesty,” July 28,
2006, reprinted at http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/
06thailandcoup/article.asp?parentid=49971. The site
for discussing political and social issues was also
blocked by the MICT on September 29, 2006, the
day after scholars at Chiang Mai University affiliated
with the Web site tore up mock copies of the interim
military government’s constitution. Bangkok Post,
“Thai university website closed after protest over
interim charter,” October 1, 2006, reprinted at
http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?
parentid=54251.
20. Phermsak Lilakul, “Ragnarok curfew starts tonight,”
The Nation, July 17, 2003.
21. Anchalee Kongrut, “16-hour Internet cafe curfew for
under-18s,” Bangkok Post, April 25, 2006.
22. Telecommunications, IT and E-Commerce,
http://bia.co.th/027.html.
23. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., ThailandInternet, 2006, p. 5.
24. Ibid.
25. Bangkok Post, “Govt forces ISPs to block `inappropriate’ web sites,” September 7, 2003.
26. Bangkok Post, “PM wants tighter curbs on internet,”
December 18, 2003.
27. Agence France-Presse, “Thailand to block over
800,000 sites,” November 28, 2005.
28. Ibid.
29. See, for example, Thaisnews, “New program will be
launched on Radio Thailand,” January 31, 2006,
http://www.thaisnews.com/news_detail.php?newsid
=160479.
30. Announcement by the Council for Democratic
Reform No. 10: Request for Cooperation in News
Reporting, September 20, 2006; Announcement by
the Council for Democratic Reform No. 15: Ban on
Meetings and other Political Activities by Political
Parties, September 21, 2006, http://www.MICT.go.th/
cdrc/read_all.asp?cid=1; Bangkok Post, “Coup
leaders authorise press censorship,” September 20,
2006.
31. Financial Times, Thai Press Reports, “MICT imposes
temporary ban on political text-messaging and
phone-in,” September 26, 2006.
32. Thai Press Reports, “National Legislative Assembly
approves computer crime bill in principle,”
November 20, 2006.
33. Miles Ignotus, “Censoring the Web,” Bangkok Post,
February 15, 2004.
34. Bangkok Post, “Censors busy on the Internet,”
November 24, 2006.
35. Kavi Chongkittavorn, “Stop messing with Internet
access and free debate,” The Nation, November 20,
2006.
36. The Nation, “Freedom of speech: Anti-coup website
blocked again without notification,” December 30,
2006, http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/12/30/
politics/politics_30022916.php.
394
Country Summaries
Center (NECTEC), Thailand MICT Indicators 2005,
February 2005, pp. 28, 41, http://iir.ngi.nectec.or.th/
download/indicator2005.pdf.
8. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., ThailandInternet, 2006, p. 1.
9. National Electronics and Computer Technology
Center (NECTEC), Thailand MICT Indicators 2005,
February 2005, http://iir.ngi.nectec.or.th/download/
indicator2005.pdf.
10. Ibid.
11. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd.,
Telecommunication Sector Snapshot: Thailand,
2006.
12. National Electronics and Computer Technology
Center (NECTEC), Internet Network
Infrastructure:Thailand’s Perspective, January 10,
2002, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/
documents/APCITY/UNPAN012808.pdf.
13. Internet Connectivity in Thailand, December 2006,
http://iir.ngi.nectec.or.th/internet/map/current.html.
14. Reporters Without Borders, Internet Under
Surveillance 2004: Thailand, http://www.rsf.org/
article.php3?id_article=10777.
15. Articles 37, 39, 58, 59. See Article 19, Freedom of
Expression and the Media in Thailand, December
2005, p. 38.
16. Article 8, Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand,
adopted October 11, 1997; Article 1, Constitution of
the Kingdom of Thailand (Interim Edition), adopted
October 1, 2006.
17. Asia Human Rights Commission, Update on Urgent
Appeal, April 10, 2006,
http://www.ahrchk.net/ua/mainfile.php/2006/1651/.
18. Article 19, Freedom of Expression and the Media in
Thailand, December 2005, p. 75.
19. For example, the Midnight University Web site and
forum (www.midnightuniv.org) was blocked in July
2006 on claims of lèse majesté, although it was
accessible at time of testing. See Bangkok Post,
“Web board banned, claim of lese majesty,” July 28,
2006, reprinted at http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/
06thailandcoup/article.asp?parentid=49971. The site
for discussing political and social issues was also
blocked by the MICT on September 29, 2006, the
day after scholars at Chiang Mai University affiliated
with the Web site tore up mock copies of the interim
military government’s constitution. Bangkok Post,
“Thai university website closed after protest over
interim charter,” October 1, 2006, reprinted at
http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?
parentid=54251.
20. Phermsak Lilakul, “Ragnarok curfew starts tonight,”
The Nation, July 17, 2003.
21. Anchalee Kongrut, “16-hour Internet cafe curfew for
under-18s,” Bangkok Post, April 25, 2006.
22. Telecommunications, IT and E-Commerce,
http://bia.co.th/027.html.
23. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd., ThailandInternet, 2006, p. 5.
24. Ibid.
25. Bangkok Post, “Govt forces ISPs to block `inappropriate’ web sites,” September 7, 2003.
26. Bangkok Post, “PM wants tighter curbs on internet,”
December 18, 2003.
27. Agence France-Presse, “Thailand to block over
800,000 sites,” November 28, 2005.
28. Ibid.
29. See, for example, Thaisnews, “New program will be
launched on Radio Thailand,” January 31, 2006,
http://www.thaisnews.com/news_detail.php?newsid
=160479.
30. Announcement by the Council for Democratic
Reform No. 10: Request for Cooperation in News
Reporting, September 20, 2006; Announcement by
the Council for Democratic Reform No. 15: Ban on
Meetings and other Political Activities by Political
Parties, September 21, 2006, http://www.MICT.go.th/
cdrc/read_all.asp?cid=1; Bangkok Post, “Coup
leaders authorise press censorship,” September 20,
2006.
31. Financial Times, Thai Press Reports, “MICT imposes
temporary ban on political text-messaging and
phone-in,” September 26, 2006.
32. Thai Press Reports, “National Legislative Assembly
approves computer crime bill in principle,”
November 20, 2006.
33. Miles Ignotus, “Censoring the Web,” Bangkok Post,
February 15, 2004.
34. Bangkok Post, “Censors busy on the Internet,”
November 24, 2006.
35. Kavi Chongkittavorn, “Stop messing with Internet
access and free debate,” The Nation, November 20,
2006.
36. The Nation, “Freedom of speech: Anti-coup website
blocked again without notification,” December 30,
2006, http://nationmultimedia.com/2006/12/30/
politics/politics_30022916.php.
394
Country Summaries