group Amazigh (Berbers). The filtering regime
lacks transparency, as none of the three ISPs
admits filtering or serves blockpages. If current
trends hold, however, the government may
decide to decrease their filtration efforts in the
future.
NOTES
1. Elise Labott, “U.S. to normalize relations with Libya,”
CNN.com, May 15, 2006, http://www.cnn.com/2006/
US/05/15/libya/index.html.
2. BBC News, “EU lifts weapons ban on Libya,”
October 11, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
europe/3732514.stm; Reporters Without Borders,
“Libya: We can criticise Allah but not Gaddafi,”
October 2006, www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_
libye_gb.pdf.
3. U.S. Department of State, “About the Embassy,”
http://libya.usembassy.gov/history2.html.
4. Reporters Without Borders, Libya: Annual Report
2007, 2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?
id_article=20770&Valider=OK.
5. Human Rights Watch, Libya: Events of 2006,
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/
libya14712.htm.
6. BBC News, “EU lifts weapons ban on Libya,”
October 11, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
europe/3732514.stm; Reporters Without Borders,
“Libya: We can criticise Allah but not Gaddafi,”
October 2006, www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_
libye_gb.pdf.
7. Reporters Without Borders, Libya: Annual Report
2007, 2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?
id_article=20770&Valider=OK.
8. United Nations Development Programme, Program
on Governance in the Arab Region, Media and
Government Regulations, http://www.pogar.org/
countries/civil.asp?cid=10#sub5.
9. Islam Online, Breath for Youth, August 14, 2005,
http://www.islamonline.net/Arabic/news/2005-08/
14/article14.shtml (in Arabic).
10. Reporters Without Borders, “Imprisoned cyberdissident in worrying condition after injury in fall from
bunkbed,” May 2005, http://www.rsf.org/article.
php3?id_article=13890; Reporters Without Borders,
Libya: Annual Report 2007, http://www.rsf.org/
article.php3?id_article=20770&Valider=OK.
11. The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information,
“Libya: The Internet in a conflict zone,”
http://www.hrinfo.net/en/reports/net2004/libya.shtml.
12. International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication Indicators 2006.
13. The Initiative for an Open Arab Net, Libya,
http://www.openarab.net/en/reports/net2006/
libya.shtml, (accessed March 19, 2007).
14. Ibid.
15. Economist Intelligence Unit, Libya: Privatisation
Possiblities March 19, 2007, http://globaltechforum.
eiu.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&channelid=
4&categoryid=31&title=Libya%3A+Privatisation+
possibilities&doc_id=10336.
16. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, IANA Report
on the Redelegation of the .ly Top-Level Domain,
October 2004, http://www.iana.org/reports/
ly-report-05aug05.pdf.
17. LTT Co. Web site, http://ltt.ly/english/services.php.
18. Economist Intelligence Unit, Libya: Privatisation
Possiblities, March 19, 2007, http://globaltechforum.
eiu.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&channelid=
4&categoryid=31&title=Libya%3A+Privatisation+
possibilities&doc_id=10336.
19. John Markoff, “U.S. group reaches deal to provide
laptops to all Libyan children,” The New York Times,
October 11, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/
10/11/world/africa/11laptop.html?ex=1318219200&
en=84038e9ae540b091&ei=5088&partner=
rssnyt&emc=rss.
20. International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication Indicators 2006.
21. International Press Institute, World Press Freedom
Review, Libya 2005, http://www.freemedia.at/cms/
ipi/freedom_detail.html?country=/KW0001/KW0004/
KW0098/&year=2005.
22. Ibid.
23. The Arab Network for Human Rights Information,
“Libya: The Internet in a conflict zone,”
http://www.hrinfo.net/en/reports/net2004/libya.shtml.
24. Official “.ly” registry Web site, http://www.nic.ly/
regulations.php.
25. Reporters Without Borders, “The list of 13 Internet
enemies,” November 7, 2006, http://www.rsf.org/
article.php3?id_article=19603.
324
Country Summaries
lacks transparency, as none of the three ISPs
admits filtering or serves blockpages. If current
trends hold, however, the government may
decide to decrease their filtration efforts in the
future.
NOTES
1. Elise Labott, “U.S. to normalize relations with Libya,”
CNN.com, May 15, 2006, http://www.cnn.com/2006/
US/05/15/libya/index.html.
2. BBC News, “EU lifts weapons ban on Libya,”
October 11, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
europe/3732514.stm; Reporters Without Borders,
“Libya: We can criticise Allah but not Gaddafi,”
October 2006, www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_
libye_gb.pdf.
3. U.S. Department of State, “About the Embassy,”
http://libya.usembassy.gov/history2.html.
4. Reporters Without Borders, Libya: Annual Report
2007, 2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?
id_article=20770&Valider=OK.
5. Human Rights Watch, Libya: Events of 2006,
http://hrw.org/englishwr2k7/docs/2007/01/11/
libya14712.htm.
6. BBC News, “EU lifts weapons ban on Libya,”
October 11, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
europe/3732514.stm; Reporters Without Borders,
“Libya: We can criticise Allah but not Gaddafi,”
October 2006, www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_
libye_gb.pdf.
7. Reporters Without Borders, Libya: Annual Report
2007, 2007, http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?
id_article=20770&Valider=OK.
8. United Nations Development Programme, Program
on Governance in the Arab Region, Media and
Government Regulations, http://www.pogar.org/
countries/civil.asp?cid=10#sub5.
9. Islam Online, Breath for Youth, August 14, 2005,
http://www.islamonline.net/Arabic/news/2005-08/
14/article14.shtml (in Arabic).
10. Reporters Without Borders, “Imprisoned cyberdissident in worrying condition after injury in fall from
bunkbed,” May 2005, http://www.rsf.org/article.
php3?id_article=13890; Reporters Without Borders,
Libya: Annual Report 2007, http://www.rsf.org/
article.php3?id_article=20770&Valider=OK.
11. The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information,
“Libya: The Internet in a conflict zone,”
http://www.hrinfo.net/en/reports/net2004/libya.shtml.
12. International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication Indicators 2006.
13. The Initiative for an Open Arab Net, Libya,
http://www.openarab.net/en/reports/net2006/
libya.shtml, (accessed March 19, 2007).
14. Ibid.
15. Economist Intelligence Unit, Libya: Privatisation
Possiblities March 19, 2007, http://globaltechforum.
eiu.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&channelid=
4&categoryid=31&title=Libya%3A+Privatisation+
possibilities&doc_id=10336.
16. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, IANA Report
on the Redelegation of the .ly Top-Level Domain,
October 2004, http://www.iana.org/reports/
ly-report-05aug05.pdf.
17. LTT Co. Web site, http://ltt.ly/english/services.php.
18. Economist Intelligence Unit, Libya: Privatisation
Possiblities, March 19, 2007, http://globaltechforum.
eiu.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&channelid=
4&categoryid=31&title=Libya%3A+Privatisation+
possibilities&doc_id=10336.
19. John Markoff, “U.S. group reaches deal to provide
laptops to all Libyan children,” The New York Times,
October 11, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/
10/11/world/africa/11laptop.html?ex=1318219200&
en=84038e9ae540b091&ei=5088&partner=
rssnyt&emc=rss.
20. International Telecommunication Union, World
Telecommunication Indicators 2006.
21. International Press Institute, World Press Freedom
Review, Libya 2005, http://www.freemedia.at/cms/
ipi/freedom_detail.html?country=/KW0001/KW0004/
KW0098/&year=2005.
22. Ibid.
23. The Arab Network for Human Rights Information,
“Libya: The Internet in a conflict zone,”
http://www.hrinfo.net/en/reports/net2004/libya.shtml.
24. Official “.ly” registry Web site, http://www.nic.ly/
regulations.php.
25. Reporters Without Borders, “The list of 13 Internet
enemies,” November 7, 2006, http://www.rsf.org/
article.php3?id_article=19603.
324
Country Summaries