companies designated under the heading, ‘Entities owned, controlled, or acting on
behalf of the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL)’. These include
shipping companies based in Iran, but also in Europe.
Employing similar tactics in the context of North Korea, the Security Council has
also blacklisted specific vessels and shipping companies. UNSC Res 2270 (2016)
names a firm called Ocean Maritime Management as a designated entity subject to
asset freezes.
28 The same Resolution’s Annex III provides a list of 31 vessels subject
to sanctions as ‘economic resources controlled or operated’ by the North Korean
government.
29 This list includes the vessel names as well as their International
Maritime Organization (IMO) vessel registration numbers. The same Resolution
further mandates a broad prohibition for ‘any vessel’ to enter the ports of Member
States if there is ‘information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the vessel
is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a designated individual or
entity. . .’
30
3.4 Prohibitions on Vessel Registration, Bunkering,
and Insurance
In reference to specific blacklists, the Security Council has also placed restrictions on
registering, re-registering and certifying vessels controlled by sanctioned entities and
states. For example, UNSC Res 2270 (2016) prohibits Member States from ‘registering vessels in the DPRK, obtaining authorization for a vessel to use the DPRK
flag, and from owning, leasing, operating, providing any vessel classification,
certification or associated service, or insuring any vessel flagged by the DPRK. . .’
31
UNSCR Res 2321(2016) is even more specific. It requires Member States to ‘deregister any vessel that is owned, controlled, or operated by the DPRK, and further
decides that Member States shall not register any such vessel that has been
de-registered by another Member State. . .’
32 It also expands the application of
UNSC Res 2270 to include a prohibition on ‘all leasing, chartering or provision of
crew services to the DPRK. . .’
33
Targeting Iran, UNSC Res 1929 (2010) requires Member States to prohibit
transactions involving all ‘Iranian-owned or –controlled vessels, including chartered
vessels. . .’
34 The same resolution also prohibits ‘bunkering services, such as
28 UNSC Res 2270 (2016).
29 UNSC Res 2270 (2016) para 23.
30 Id., Annex II-Annex III.
31 UNSC Res 2270 (2016). See also UNSCR 2321 (2016) para 9; UNSC Res 2397 (2017) para 12.
32 UNSCR Res 2321(2016) para 22.
33 Ibid.
34 UNSC Res 1929 (2010).
9 The Impact of UN Sanctions on Commercial Shipping Activities
165
behalf of the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL)’. These include
shipping companies based in Iran, but also in Europe.
Employing similar tactics in the context of North Korea, the Security Council has
also blacklisted specific vessels and shipping companies. UNSC Res 2270 (2016)
names a firm called Ocean Maritime Management as a designated entity subject to
asset freezes.
28 The same Resolution’s Annex III provides a list of 31 vessels subject
to sanctions as ‘economic resources controlled or operated’ by the North Korean
government.
29 This list includes the vessel names as well as their International
Maritime Organization (IMO) vessel registration numbers. The same Resolution
further mandates a broad prohibition for ‘any vessel’ to enter the ports of Member
States if there is ‘information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the vessel
is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a designated individual or
entity. . .’
30
3.4 Prohibitions on Vessel Registration, Bunkering,
and Insurance
In reference to specific blacklists, the Security Council has also placed restrictions on
registering, re-registering and certifying vessels controlled by sanctioned entities and
states. For example, UNSC Res 2270 (2016) prohibits Member States from ‘registering vessels in the DPRK, obtaining authorization for a vessel to use the DPRK
flag, and from owning, leasing, operating, providing any vessel classification,
certification or associated service, or insuring any vessel flagged by the DPRK. . .’
31
UNSCR Res 2321(2016) is even more specific. It requires Member States to ‘deregister any vessel that is owned, controlled, or operated by the DPRK, and further
decides that Member States shall not register any such vessel that has been
de-registered by another Member State. . .’
32 It also expands the application of
UNSC Res 2270 to include a prohibition on ‘all leasing, chartering or provision of
crew services to the DPRK. . .’
33
Targeting Iran, UNSC Res 1929 (2010) requires Member States to prohibit
transactions involving all ‘Iranian-owned or –controlled vessels, including chartered
vessels. . .’
34 The same resolution also prohibits ‘bunkering services, such as
28 UNSC Res 2270 (2016).
29 UNSC Res 2270 (2016) para 23.
30 Id., Annex II-Annex III.
31 UNSC Res 2270 (2016). See also UNSCR 2321 (2016) para 9; UNSC Res 2397 (2017) para 12.
32 UNSCR Res 2321(2016) para 22.
33 Ibid.
34 UNSC Res 1929 (2010).
9 The Impact of UN Sanctions on Commercial Shipping Activities
165