172
(−0.09%) in NNW zone. Table 9.5 shows the trend and distribution of expected
increases in built-up area as per equation (i) which shows that the highest expected
increases in built-up areas are found in ESE (0.8760%), ESE (2.6437%) and ESE
(1.9864%) during the periods 1990–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2017, respectively.
Table 9.6 shows the difference between observed and expected increases in built-up
area per spatial unit per time span. A Negative value represents the lower urban
growth than the expectation while positive value shows the positive urban growth as
expected. The highest urban growth has been reported in SSW (0.50%), SSW
(0.41%) and ENE (0.75%), while the lowest urban growth has been found in NNW
(−0.26%), ENE (−0.87) and SSW (−0.91%) during all said study period shown in
Table 9.6.
9.5.6 Pearson’s Chi-Square Method
Table 9.7 shows the degree of freedom of built-up growth in different directions.
The sum of degree of freedom in all directions for the whole time period is not
equal. Some directions like SSW are experiencing a very high degree of freedom for
Table 9.4 Distribution of observed built-up area (in percentage growth) in zones of selected study
area
NNW NNE ENE ESE SSE SSW WSW WNW Column total
1990–2000 −0.09 0.15
0.92 0.72 0.50 0.95
0.37
0.06
3.57
2000–2010 0.70
0.85
1.55 2.86 1.22 1.75
1.06
0.79
10.78
2010–2017 0.44
0.59
2.56 1.93 0.75 0.10
0.57
1.17
8.10
Row Total
1.04
1.59
5.03 5.51 2.47 2.80
2.00
2.03
22.46
Source: computed by the author
Table 9.5 Zone-wise distribution of expected increase in built-up area in percentage
NNW
NNE
ENE
ESE
SSE
SSW
WSW
WNW
1990–2000 0.1661 0.2531 0.8001 0.8760 0.3926 0.4455 0.3176 0.3222
2000–2010 0.5011 0.7638 2.4147 2.6437 1.1848 1.3445 0.9586 0.9724
2010–2017 0.3766 0.5739 1.8144 1.9864 0.8903 1.0103 0.7202 0.7307
Source: computed by the author
Table 9.6 Difference between observed and expected increase in built-up area
NNW
NNE
ENE
ESE
SSE
SSW
WSW
WNW
1990–2000
−0.26
−0.10
0.12
−0.15
0.10
0.50
0.05
−0.26
2000–2010
0.20
0.09
−0.87
0.21
0.04
0.41
0.10
−0.18
2010–2017
0.06
0.02
0.75
−0.06
−0.14
−0.91
−0.15
0.44
Source: computed by the author
Rukhsana and Md. Hasnine
(−0.09%) in NNW zone. Table 9.5 shows the trend and distribution of expected
increases in built-up area as per equation (i) which shows that the highest expected
increases in built-up areas are found in ESE (0.8760%), ESE (2.6437%) and ESE
(1.9864%) during the periods 1990–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2017, respectively.
Table 9.6 shows the difference between observed and expected increases in built-up
area per spatial unit per time span. A Negative value represents the lower urban
growth than the expectation while positive value shows the positive urban growth as
expected. The highest urban growth has been reported in SSW (0.50%), SSW
(0.41%) and ENE (0.75%), while the lowest urban growth has been found in NNW
(−0.26%), ENE (−0.87) and SSW (−0.91%) during all said study period shown in
Table 9.6.
9.5.6 Pearson’s Chi-Square Method
Table 9.7 shows the degree of freedom of built-up growth in different directions.
The sum of degree of freedom in all directions for the whole time period is not
equal. Some directions like SSW are experiencing a very high degree of freedom for
Table 9.4 Distribution of observed built-up area (in percentage growth) in zones of selected study
area
NNW NNE ENE ESE SSE SSW WSW WNW Column total
1990–2000 −0.09 0.15
0.92 0.72 0.50 0.95
0.37
0.06
3.57
2000–2010 0.70
0.85
1.55 2.86 1.22 1.75
1.06
0.79
10.78
2010–2017 0.44
0.59
2.56 1.93 0.75 0.10
0.57
1.17
8.10
Row Total
1.04
1.59
5.03 5.51 2.47 2.80
2.00
2.03
22.46
Source: computed by the author
Table 9.5 Zone-wise distribution of expected increase in built-up area in percentage
NNW
NNE
ENE
ESE
SSE
SSW
WSW
WNW
1990–2000 0.1661 0.2531 0.8001 0.8760 0.3926 0.4455 0.3176 0.3222
2000–2010 0.5011 0.7638 2.4147 2.6437 1.1848 1.3445 0.9586 0.9724
2010–2017 0.3766 0.5739 1.8144 1.9864 0.8903 1.0103 0.7202 0.7307
Source: computed by the author
Table 9.6 Difference between observed and expected increase in built-up area
NNW
NNE
ENE
ESE
SSE
SSW
WSW
WNW
1990–2000
−0.26
−0.10
0.12
−0.15
0.10
0.50
0.05
−0.26
2000–2010
0.20
0.09
−0.87
0.21
0.04
0.41
0.10
−0.18
2010–2017
0.06
0.02
0.75
−0.06
−0.14
−0.91
−0.15
0.44
Source: computed by the author
Rukhsana and Md. Hasnine