118
E Electricity = emission of CO 2 e gases from electricity consumption at the household level;
Electricity Energy con (kWh) = amount of electricity consumed at the household level;
EF = emission factor for electricity as per default and country-specific emission
factors.
CO 2 equivalent emissions from individual fuel utilization at the household level:
E
C onsumption of Fuel
C O Emission Factor
Fuel energy
Dif Types
=
×
(
)
.
2
F Fuel Dif .
where:
E Fuel Energy = emissions from use of fuel of different types;
Consumption of Fuel (Dif Types) = quantity of different fuels used at the household level;
Emission Factor Fuel Dif = emission factor for different types of fuel as per default and
country-specific emission factors.
CO 2 emissions from individual transport at the household level:
The transport sector is one of the dominant sectors of anthropogenic sources of
carbon emissions at the household level in the study area (Mitra and Sharma 2002);
thus, carbon emissions depend on the type of vehicle, technology, and distance of
transportation (Ramachandra and Shwetmala 2012). Two main ways are used for
emissions calculation: either fuel consumption or distance traveled. At the national
level, the fuel consumption approach has mainly been used (IPCC 1996, 2006;
Sikdar and Singh 2009; Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment 2010;
Ramachandra et al. 2014). For this study, the distance traveled in a year and the different emission factors for different types of vehicle were used, and CO 2 emissions
were calculated on the basis of the available data at the household level in the
selected sample wards of KMC (Ramachandra et al. 2014; Srivastav 2013):
Emission
vehicle D
EF Pv
PV
i
t
t Km
= ∑
×
(
) × , ,
where:
Emission PV = emissions from all different vehicle types (personal cars and
motorcycles);
Vehicle i = number of different types of vehicle;
D t = distance traveled in a year per different type (t) of vehicle;
EF PV,t,Km = emission factor for vehicles (PV) per type (t) per kilometer (Km) traveled.
Primary carbon footprint at the household level:
Emission
e
C ategory
QF EF
CO 2 =
∑
×
where:
Emission
CO 2 e = carbon footprint;
Rukhsana and Md. F. Molla
E Electricity = emission of CO 2 e gases from electricity consumption at the household level;
Electricity Energy con (kWh) = amount of electricity consumed at the household level;
EF = emission factor for electricity as per default and country-specific emission
factors.
CO 2 equivalent emissions from individual fuel utilization at the household level:
E
C onsumption of Fuel
C O Emission Factor
Fuel energy
Dif Types
=
×
(
)
.
2
F Fuel Dif .
where:
E Fuel Energy = emissions from use of fuel of different types;
Consumption of Fuel (Dif Types) = quantity of different fuels used at the household level;
Emission Factor Fuel Dif = emission factor for different types of fuel as per default and
country-specific emission factors.
CO 2 emissions from individual transport at the household level:
The transport sector is one of the dominant sectors of anthropogenic sources of
carbon emissions at the household level in the study area (Mitra and Sharma 2002);
thus, carbon emissions depend on the type of vehicle, technology, and distance of
transportation (Ramachandra and Shwetmala 2012). Two main ways are used for
emissions calculation: either fuel consumption or distance traveled. At the national
level, the fuel consumption approach has mainly been used (IPCC 1996, 2006;
Sikdar and Singh 2009; Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment 2010;
Ramachandra et al. 2014). For this study, the distance traveled in a year and the different emission factors for different types of vehicle were used, and CO 2 emissions
were calculated on the basis of the available data at the household level in the
selected sample wards of KMC (Ramachandra et al. 2014; Srivastav 2013):
Emission
vehicle D
EF Pv
PV
i
t
t Km
= ∑
×
(
) × , ,
where:
Emission PV = emissions from all different vehicle types (personal cars and
motorcycles);
Vehicle i = number of different types of vehicle;
D t = distance traveled in a year per different type (t) of vehicle;
EF PV,t,Km = emission factor for vehicles (PV) per type (t) per kilometer (Km) traveled.
Primary carbon footprint at the household level:
Emission
e
C ategory
QF EF
CO 2 =
∑
×
where:
Emission
CO 2 e = carbon footprint;
Rukhsana and Md. F. Molla