Transtelecom came second with 18 percent, and interregional companies had 17 percent. Golden
Telecom and MTU-Intel had 11 and 9 percent, respectively.
19. There are several groups besides SvyazInvest that own large shares of the telecommunications
business and to a large extent influence the development of Russia’s telecom industry: AFK Systema, Alfa Group/Altima, and Telecominvest.
20. SyvazInvest, ‘‘Investor Relations,’’ http://eng.svyazinvest.ru/investor-relations/fdir/.
21. It is one of the leading operators. The company ‘‘owns and operates a 150,000 km nationwide
fiber optic backbone network’’ as well as satellite connection. Rostelecom provides services in
many regions of Russia but is focused on major cities. It owns a 31.59 percent significant share
of RTComm and provides service for second-tier operators. See Rostelecom, ‘‘General Information,’’ http://www.rt.ru/en/about/info/ and Rostelecom, ‘‘Rostelecom at a Glance,’’ http://www
.rostelecom.ru/en/serv-operators/info/.
22. It is the largest of the alternative fixed-line operators and one of the largest ISPs in Russia,
offering access in over 60 locations, including Moscow, St. Petersburg, and the CIS region (Kiev,
Tashkent, Almaty, etc.). GoldenTelecom is connected to all the mobile and fixed telephony service
providers in the Russian Federation. It has many international points of presence including
London, Stockholm, New York, Frankfurt, and Hong Kong. In March 2008, VimpelCom (under
the trade name Beeline) acquired GoldenTelecom (http://msk.b2b.beeline.ru). The ISP announced
further plans to invest USD 1.5 billion in Russia aiming to build a new broadband Internet network serving 65 Russian cities by 2010.
23. TransTeleCom is a backbone telecommunications provider with a 50,000 km network of communication lines stretching through all 11 zones of the country. It connects to the Euro-Asian
telecommunication route, going through Western Europe and Asia. The network is based on the
communication lines of the Russian railroad systems. TransTeleCom mostly provides service for
second-tier ISPs. The operator is owned by the state-run JSC Russian Railways.
24. Makomnet possesses an internationally linked fiber-optic network. In November 2006, it put
into operation its fourth international 100 Mbps Moscow-Stockholm cable. The operator provides
more than 1 Gbps capacity to Frankfurt (MCI/UUNet), New York (MCI/UUNet), Helsinki, and
Stockholm (TeliaSonera). It maintains a total capacity of more than 4 Gbps with leading Russian
ISPs via MSK-IX and direct connections. Shareholders include state-owned Moscow Metro and
Moseleset. See Macomnet, ‘‘Internet Access,’’ http://www.macomnet.com/services/internet and
Macomnet, ‘‘4
th International Main 100 Mbps Moscow-Stockholm Was Put into Operation,’’
November 1, 2006, http://www.macomnet.com/press/news/text?newsid=47.
25. TeliaSonera is an international ISP operating in Russia and connected to the Russian Internet
Exchange MSK-IX. It has the largest communication network in Europe and connects Russian
networks with European and American operators. See ISP Review, ‘‘TyeliaSonyera Intyernyeshinal
Kerriyer Rasha’’ [TeliaSonera Russian International Carrier], http://www.ispreview.ru/
company1109.html.
26. MTU-Intel was renamed Comstar-Direct in December 2006 after it grew to become one of the
largest ISPs in Moscow and the largest broadband ISP in Moscow. It provides a 30 Gbps channel
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Russia
Telecom and MTU-Intel had 11 and 9 percent, respectively.
19. There are several groups besides SvyazInvest that own large shares of the telecommunications
business and to a large extent influence the development of Russia’s telecom industry: AFK Systema, Alfa Group/Altima, and Telecominvest.
20. SyvazInvest, ‘‘Investor Relations,’’ http://eng.svyazinvest.ru/investor-relations/fdir/.
21. It is one of the leading operators. The company ‘‘owns and operates a 150,000 km nationwide
fiber optic backbone network’’ as well as satellite connection. Rostelecom provides services in
many regions of Russia but is focused on major cities. It owns a 31.59 percent significant share
of RTComm and provides service for second-tier operators. See Rostelecom, ‘‘General Information,’’ http://www.rt.ru/en/about/info/ and Rostelecom, ‘‘Rostelecom at a Glance,’’ http://www
.rostelecom.ru/en/serv-operators/info/.
22. It is the largest of the alternative fixed-line operators and one of the largest ISPs in Russia,
offering access in over 60 locations, including Moscow, St. Petersburg, and the CIS region (Kiev,
Tashkent, Almaty, etc.). GoldenTelecom is connected to all the mobile and fixed telephony service
providers in the Russian Federation. It has many international points of presence including
London, Stockholm, New York, Frankfurt, and Hong Kong. In March 2008, VimpelCom (under
the trade name Beeline) acquired GoldenTelecom (http://msk.b2b.beeline.ru). The ISP announced
further plans to invest USD 1.5 billion in Russia aiming to build a new broadband Internet network serving 65 Russian cities by 2010.
23. TransTeleCom is a backbone telecommunications provider with a 50,000 km network of communication lines stretching through all 11 zones of the country. It connects to the Euro-Asian
telecommunication route, going through Western Europe and Asia. The network is based on the
communication lines of the Russian railroad systems. TransTeleCom mostly provides service for
second-tier ISPs. The operator is owned by the state-run JSC Russian Railways.
24. Makomnet possesses an internationally linked fiber-optic network. In November 2006, it put
into operation its fourth international 100 Mbps Moscow-Stockholm cable. The operator provides
more than 1 Gbps capacity to Frankfurt (MCI/UUNet), New York (MCI/UUNet), Helsinki, and
Stockholm (TeliaSonera). It maintains a total capacity of more than 4 Gbps with leading Russian
ISPs via MSK-IX and direct connections. Shareholders include state-owned Moscow Metro and
Moseleset. See Macomnet, ‘‘Internet Access,’’ http://www.macomnet.com/services/internet and
Macomnet, ‘‘4
th International Main 100 Mbps Moscow-Stockholm Was Put into Operation,’’
November 1, 2006, http://www.macomnet.com/press/news/text?newsid=47.
25. TeliaSonera is an international ISP operating in Russia and connected to the Russian Internet
Exchange MSK-IX. It has the largest communication network in Europe and connects Russian
networks with European and American operators. See ISP Review, ‘‘TyeliaSonyera Intyernyeshinal
Kerriyer Rasha’’ [TeliaSonera Russian International Carrier], http://www.ispreview.ru/
company1109.html.
26. MTU-Intel was renamed Comstar-Direct in December 2006 after it grew to become one of the
largest ISPs in Moscow and the largest broadband ISP in Moscow. It provides a 30 Gbps channel
222
Russia