ONI Country Profi le
333
21. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users
and Broadband Subscribers, ” 2009 Figures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic & ReportFormat
=HTML4.0 & RP_intYear=2009 & RP_intLanguageID=1 & RP_bitLiveData=False .
22. Ibid.
23. “ Target: Broadband Penetration to Go Up to 50% by Next Year, ” Malaysiakini, November 10,
2009, http://malaysiakini.com/news/117064 .
24. ITU, “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users and Broadband Subscribers. ”
25. “ Government Believes Malaysia Will Become Major Hub for WiMAX Going Forward, ” Bernama,
November 22, 2010, http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsbusiness.php?id= 544499.
26. Telekom Malaysia is the “ privatized branch of the state ” referred to, the parent company of
TMNet. The government maintains a 35.03 percent shareholding. See Telekom Malaysia, “ TM —
About TM — Background and Strength: Capital Structure, ” http://www.tm.com.my/ap/about/
background/Pages/capital-structure.aspx ; Telekom Malaysia, “ TM — About TM — Background
and Strength: Shareholding Structure, ” http://www.tm.com.my/ap/about/background/Pages/
GroupCorporateStructure.aspx .
27. “ Four Companies Successfully Obtain WiMAX Licences ” [in Malay], Utusan Malaysia, March
16, 2007, http://www.skmm.gov.my/index.php?c=public & v=art_view & art_id=501 .
28. “ No Exclusive 700MHz Spectrum for YTL, ” Malaysiakini, November 30, 2010, http://
malaysiakini.com/news/149640 ; Clara Chooi, “ Rais Grilled in Parliament over YTL-700MH, ”
Malaysian Insider , November 30, 2010, http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/
rais-grilled-in-parliament-over-ytl-700mhz-saga .
29. See Article 10(1)(a), Federal Constitution of Malaysia.
30. Ibid., Article 10(2)(a).
31. Yip Ai Tsin, “ Rais Defends Internet Filter Plans, ” Malaysiakini, August 7, 2009, http://
malaysiakini.com/news/110085 .
32. “ Gov ’ t Mulls China-Style Net Censorship, ” Malaysiakini, August 6, 2009, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/110048 .
33. “ No Plan to Filter Internet, Says Rais, ” Malaysiakini, August 12, 2009, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/110397 .
34. “ Bloggers May Have to Reveal Identities, ” Malaysiakini, April 7, 2007, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/65558 .
35. “ Online News Sites to Be Included under PPPA, ” Malaysiakini, January 25, 2011, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/154483 .
36. “ Brickbats Hurled at Move to Control Online Media, ” Malaysiakini, January 26, 2011, http://
www.malaysiakini.com/news/154520 .
333
21. International Telecommunication Union (ITU), “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users
and Broadband Subscribers, ” 2009 Figures, http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/icteye/Reporting/
ShowReportFrame.aspx?ReportName=/WTI/InformationTechnologyPublic & ReportFormat
=HTML4.0 & RP_intYear=2009 & RP_intLanguageID=1 & RP_bitLiveData=False .
22. Ibid.
23. “ Target: Broadband Penetration to Go Up to 50% by Next Year, ” Malaysiakini, November 10,
2009, http://malaysiakini.com/news/117064 .
24. ITU, “ Internet Indicators: Subscribers, Users and Broadband Subscribers. ”
25. “ Government Believes Malaysia Will Become Major Hub for WiMAX Going Forward, ” Bernama,
November 22, 2010, http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsbusiness.php?id= 544499.
26. Telekom Malaysia is the “ privatized branch of the state ” referred to, the parent company of
TMNet. The government maintains a 35.03 percent shareholding. See Telekom Malaysia, “ TM —
About TM — Background and Strength: Capital Structure, ” http://www.tm.com.my/ap/about/
background/Pages/capital-structure.aspx ; Telekom Malaysia, “ TM — About TM — Background
and Strength: Shareholding Structure, ” http://www.tm.com.my/ap/about/background/Pages/
GroupCorporateStructure.aspx .
27. “ Four Companies Successfully Obtain WiMAX Licences ” [in Malay], Utusan Malaysia, March
16, 2007, http://www.skmm.gov.my/index.php?c=public & v=art_view & art_id=501 .
28. “ No Exclusive 700MHz Spectrum for YTL, ” Malaysiakini, November 30, 2010, http://
malaysiakini.com/news/149640 ; Clara Chooi, “ Rais Grilled in Parliament over YTL-700MH, ”
Malaysian Insider , November 30, 2010, http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/
rais-grilled-in-parliament-over-ytl-700mhz-saga .
29. See Article 10(1)(a), Federal Constitution of Malaysia.
30. Ibid., Article 10(2)(a).
31. Yip Ai Tsin, “ Rais Defends Internet Filter Plans, ” Malaysiakini, August 7, 2009, http://
malaysiakini.com/news/110085 .
32. “ Gov ’ t Mulls China-Style Net Censorship, ” Malaysiakini, August 6, 2009, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/110048 .
33. “ No Plan to Filter Internet, Says Rais, ” Malaysiakini, August 12, 2009, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/110397 .
34. “ Bloggers May Have to Reveal Identities, ” Malaysiakini, April 7, 2007, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/65558 .
35. “ Online News Sites to Be Included under PPPA, ” Malaysiakini, January 25, 2011, http://www
.malaysiakini.com/news/154483 .
36. “ Brickbats Hurled at Move to Control Online Media, ” Malaysiakini, January 26, 2011, http://
www.malaysiakini.com/news/154520 .